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The Thirteenth Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment was a significant milestone in American history as it formally ended the institution of slavery, which had been deeply entrenched in the country since its founding. It followed the Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, which declared that all slaves in Confederate territory were to be freed. However, the Thirteenth Amendment extended this freedom to slaves in the border states and officially outlawed slavery nationwide. -
Leaders Emerge in the Women’s Movement
Each of them, in their way, has contributed to shaping the course of the movement, raising awareness, and fighting for gender equality and women's empowerment. Their leadership continues to inspire future generations and reminds us of the ongoing struggle for women's rights around the world. -
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PANAMA CANAL
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Dollar Diplomacy
Dollar Diplomacy was a foreign policy approach adopted by the United States during the early 20th century, particularly during the presidency of William Howard Taft (1909-1913). It aimed to advance American economic interests and extend U.S. influence abroad by using economic power and investments as tools of diplomacy. -
The 1912 Presidential Election
Campaign and Issues:
The 1912 election witnessed a significant clash of ideologies and competing visions for the country's future. The primary issues included the role of government, economic reforms, labor rights, and the regulation of big business. -
WOODROW WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM
Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom was a political and economic reform agenda that he presented during his 1912 presidential campaign and implemented during his presidency (1913-1921). The New Freedom represented Wilson's vision for a more equitable and competitive economic system, with an emphasis on individual freedom and the elimination of monopolies and corporate control. -
Red Summer
During the Red Summer, numerous cities across the United States experienced violent clashes and racial conflicts, primarily between white and Black communities. These conflicts were often sparked by incidents of racial discrimination, economic competition, and social tensions resulting from the migration of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in search of better opportunities. -
Women’s Suffrage
Throughout history, women had been excluded from political participation and denied the right to vote in many countries, including the United States. However, the women's suffrage movement gained momentum in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, advocating for women's rights and pushing for suffrage reforms. In the United States, the women's suffrage movement began in the mid-19th century. -
Yellow journalism
During this period, newspapers engaged in fierce competition to grab readers' attention. Sensational headlines, exaggerated stories, and scandalous reporting became common tactics to increase sales. Yellow journalism often prioritized entertainment value over accuracy and objective reporting. It exploited emotions and focused on stories of crime, scandals, and sensational events, often with little regard for the truth or the potential consequences of misleading the public. -
HOOVER’S FOREIGN POLICY
It is important to note that Hoover's foreign policy was largely shaped by the domestic economic crisis of the Great Depression. As the country grappled with economic hardships and rising unemployment, Hoover's attention was largely focused on addressing the domestic challenges. The worsening economic conditions at home limited his ability to fully engage in foreign affairs and pursue more comprehensive foreign policy initiatives. -
THE EARLY DAYS OF HOOVER’S PRESIDENCY
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Gilded Age
the late 19th century to the early 20th century, roughly spanning from the 1870s to the 1890s. The Gilded Age was characterized by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and technological advancements, which brought immense wealth and economic growth to the United States. It was a time of great expansion in industries such as railroads, oil, steel, and finance, and saw the rise of influential business tycoons and magnates like John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J.P. Morgan. -
PUBLIC REACTION TO HOOVER
Blame for the Great Depression: However, the onset of the Great Depression just months after Hoover's inauguration drastically changed public sentiment. The severity of the economic crisis and the widespread suffering led many to blame Hoover for failing to effectively address the situation. Critics argued that his policies, such as tax cuts and voluntary efforts to stimulate the economy, were insufficient and did not provide adequate relief to those in need. -
TURNER, MAHAN, AND THE PLAN FOR EMPIRE
put forth by two prominent figures in American intellectual history: Frederick Jackson Turner and Alfred Thayer Mahan. While they did not collaborate on a specific plan for the empire, their theories and writings had a significant influence on American expansionism and foreign policy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. -
Leaders Emerge in the Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Movement in the United States, which spanned the mid-1950s to the late 1960s, was a pivotal struggle for racial equality and social justice. Throughout this period, numerous leaders emerged who played instrumental roles in mobilizing communities, organizing protests, advocating for civil rights legislation, and challenging systemic racism. -
Brown v. Board
Brown v. Board of Education refers to a landmark United States Supreme Court case that was decided in 1954. The case challenged the practice of racial segregation in public schools and had a significant impact on the civil rights movement. -
Southern strategy
Critics argue that the Southern strategy relied on exploiting racial divisions and perpetuating racial tensions for political gain. They contend that it deepened racial polarization and hindered progress on civil rights issues. Supporters of the strategy argue that it was primarily driven by ideological and policy differences rather than explicitly racist motivations. -
Wisconsin Idea
The core principle of the Wisconsin Idea was the belief that government should play an active role in promoting the welfare of its citizens and should work to address social, economic, and political problems. It emphasized the idea of a partnership between the state government, the academic community, and the citizens to solve societal issues and improve the quality of life for all.
The Wisconsin Idea had a lasting impact beyond the state of Wisconsin. It inspired similar progressive movements -
Watergate: Nixon’s Domestic Nightmare
Watergate refers to a major political scandal that unfolded during the presidency of Richard Nixon in the early 1970s. It began with the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C., and eventually led to the resignation of President Nixon. -
The Cold War
The Cold War had a profound impact on global politics, shaping the world order and influencing regional conflicts and alliances. It left a lasting legacy in terms of nuclear weapons proliferation, regional tensions, and ongoing geopolitical rivalries.