History

Byzantine Empire

330

The height of the Byzantine Empire was from 750 to 1025. It occurred in Asia Minor, Egypt, north Africa, Spain, and Italy. It was a well-organized government bureaucracy with talented politicians

The Prophet Muhammad

570

He was born around 570 CE in Mecca. He was orphaned at a young age and worked as a merchant. Received the first revelation at age 40 (610 CE) and continued revelations over 23 years. Some of his key teachings were Monotheism, Social justice, Moral and ethical conduct

Religion Before Islam

609

Before Islam came around and united all people there were many Traditional African religions that were diverse and complex. Some key factors from them were Belief in a supreme creator
Veneration of ancestors
Nature spirits and deities
Importance of rituals and ceremonies
and the Worship of different gods and spirits.

Islam

610

Islam means "submission to God". It was created in 610. It follows 5 pillars Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj. Islam is based on the Quran which is a book that records the Revelations during Muhammad's lifetime after his death in 632

The beginnings of Islam

622

Islam started to spread in 622, at the time Arabia was a religious melting pot with Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Jews, and Polytheistic traditional religions. The religion spread fast when Muhammed Had a vision of the Angel Gabriel and Wrote the Quran. But then in 632, Isalm began to split with the death of Muhammed.

The split of Islam

632

Caused by the death of the prophet Muhammed, Islam split into two different regions, The Sunni and the Shia. Most people became Sunni who were people of tradition and community
and Caliphs should be chosen from the umma. But the Shia were the Hereditary line of Muhammad. The Sunni live in present-day Saudi Arabia while the Shia live in present-day Iran.

Umayyad Caliphate

661

Established in 661 CE by Muawiyah I, this kingdom spread from Damascus, Syria and into Spain before they was eventually defeated by the franks. They instituted Arabic as administrative language and were some of the first to utilize gold and silver coins for currency.

King Charlemagne

768

King Charlemagne was the king of the Franks. One of his main focuses was expansion mainly through the Lombards, Saxons, and Goths. He helped to unify 2 Frankish empires into becoming Carolingian.

Rise and Fall of Holy Roman Empire

800

It began with the crowning of Pope Leo III on Christmas day 800. Charlemagne was named to be the protector of Christianity and the holy roman empire was born. But then Louis Pious struggles and the land was divided into 3 Francia’s beginning the formation of France and Germany.

The Magna Carta

1215

The magan carta was a document in created in 1215 that was used to limit the power of King john of England. He was forced to sign the document which was the first time a king had his powers limited by force. This document helped to set the stage for more limits like this in the future.

Kingdom of Mali

1300

Emerging in the 1300s and peaking in the 1400s. Mali was founded by Sundiata Keita, and controlled vast territories in West Africa while also being known for its wealth, military power, and cultural achievements. The imprtant center of learning was Timbuktu, Djenne. Mali was also a place were women had inheritance

Renaissance

1300

Renaissance meaning rebirth. Italian cities like Venice and Milan were the center of the rebirth. It was a Age of recovery, where one would focus on themselves. During there time in the renaissance men and women were believed to become fro well rounded individuals.

Mansa Musa

1312

Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali empire from 1312 to 1337. He was known for being extremely wealthy and for his famous pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324-1325. One of his more renown facts was that he was so wealthy that when he traveled and gave away gold he would cause economic downfall in the cities he went. His lasting impact was that he put Mali on the world map, attracting scholars and traders.

Black Death

1346

The black death was a bubonic plaque that was spread by rats. About 1/3 to 1/2 of European population dies. It affects both the social and economics of Europe. It created Anti-Semitism and a Decline of serfdom, while also causing Trade decline
and workers gain higher wages.

The great Schism

1372

The great schism happened from 1378-1417. it was a split within the Roman Catholic Church. At the time three men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope. Driven by politics rather than any theological disagreement, the schism was ended by the Council of Constance.

The Hundred Years War

1377

The Hundred Years War lasted 116 years between England and France. Each side was able to make new weapons including the pike and longbow to make war more efficient. These inventions made knights less valuable. The war helped develop French and English Identity.

End of the Middle Ages

1400

The end of the middle ages was caused by 4 main factors. The Crusades, 1096-1291, which was a series of religious wars at the time. Black Death, 1347, a plague that caused about a third of all of the population of Europe to be killed. Great Schism of Christian Church, 1378-1417, which was a split within the Roman Catholic Church. Finally the Hundred Years War between France and England, 1337-1453, which happened over territorial rights and the issue of succession to the French throne.

Joan of Arc

1412

Joan of Arc was a patron saint of France, honored as a defender of the French nation for her role in the siege of Orléans. She claimed to see visions from God telling her to fight for France. But in the end she was captured and killed for witchcraft.

Decline and Fall of Byzantine Empire

1455

The Byzantine Empire fell in 1453. Some contributing factors were the Schism of 1054 and external threats like Normans from the West. By the 1400s the Byzantine Empire consists primarily of Constantinople

Martin Luther

1483

Born in 1483 he was a German monk who spoke out against the Catholic Church who used his ideas to spark the Protestant Reformation. Led to the development of other Protestants faiths such as Lutheran, Baptist, and Methodist. He would die in 1546 in his birthplace Eisleben Germany.