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Period: to
French & Indian War
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British defeated at Ft. Duquesne
Gen. Braddock's force of 1450 men surrounded and defeated by Indian and French-Canadian forces. -
French take Ft. Oswego
French commander Montcalm takes fort, but is horrified to discover that his Indian allies kill wounded soldiers, take scalps, and make slaves of captives. -
American Colonists Refuse to Serve Under British Commander.
New British commander (Lord Loudoun) closely managed the war effort, demanding exact numbers of recruits and money from colonies. Colonial assemblies began to refuse to cooperate. -
Massacre at Ft. William Henry.
Following surrender of British and colonial garrison to Montcalm (who promised safe passage back to England), Indians killed 185 and took 310 British captive. -
William Pitt guides British war effort
As Secretary of State, Pitt sought to reduce tension with colonists by promising payment in proportion to support of war effort, giving colonial assemblies control of recruitment, sending thousands more British soldiers, and replacing Lord Loudoun with a more reasonable commander. -
Louisbourg and Ft. Duquesne captured by British
British-American-Indian forces overwhelm French who abandon Louisbourg and burn Ft. Duquesne before retreating north. -
Battle of Quebec
Through British commander Gen. Wolfe is killed (along with French commander Montcalm), British forces sieze Quebec in dramatic uphill attack. -
Iriquois join British-American alliance
Balance of power tips towards British with this addition. -
Treaty of Paris
France gives up claims to all of its North American possessions. All land west of the Mississippi and New Orleans goes to Spain. All land east of the Mississippi River and Canda goes to England -
British capture Havana, Manila from Spain
As Spain enters the war as a French ally, it suffers defeats from British naval forces.
