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14th Amendment (All people)
Rights of citizenship, due process of law, and equal protection of the law. The 14th amendment has become one of the most used amendments in court to date regarding the equal protection clause. -
15th Amendment (African Americans)
It gave African American males the right to vote since voting should not be based on race. -
Plessy vs Ferguson (African Americans)
Homer Plessy refused to sit in a car for blacks on a train. The US Supreme Court upheld the consitutionality of racial segregation of “separate but equal” in which public facilities are still segregated but of the same quality. -
NAACP (African Americans)
Founder is WEB Du Bois. It is an organization created by African Americans to help advance justice for them and have more rights for them and end segregation. -
19th Amendment (Women)
Women earned the right to vote and be able to have a say within the government since it shouldn’t be denied on sex. It created more equality between men and women since women are able to do things that could before only be done by men. -
Executive Order of 9981 (African Americans)
It was an order issued by Truman for all military forces to desegregate so that African Americans are not discriminated against. It was to abolish discrimination in military on basis of race. -
Brown vs Board of Education (All people)
It was a landmark court case during the civil rights movement. The Supreme Court ruled that segregation within public school is unconstitutional and being violated for the 14th amendment after Plessy vs Ferguson. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott (African Americans)
Civil rights protest in which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama to protest the segregated seating. It was started by Rosa Parks and then became a large scale demonstration by the African Americans. -
Little Rock 9 (African Americans)
It was a group of African Americans who enrolled in Central High School in Arkansas after Brown v Board of Education in which public high schools were forced to desegregate their schools. However, the governor Orval Faubus didn’t let them go to school and violated the rule so Eisenhower sent in the National Guard to protect them to school. -
Greensboro, North Carolina Sit-ins (African Americans)
It was a civil rights protest in which African American teenagers staged a sit-in at Woodworth’s lunch counter after they were denied service from the workers there to end racial segregation. It forced those places to change their laws of segregation since the economy would fail. -
Chicano Movement (Mexican Americans)
It was a protest led by Mexican Americans for justice and equality and organize against discrimination in education, employment, housing and legal system. The mural movement was when they drew on walls of buildings to express their culture and identity. -
Freedom Riders (African Americans)
A series of political protests against segregation by blacks and whites who rode buses together to the South. It protested local laws that ignore integration. The Supreme Court banned segregation of interstate travel buses. -
Dr. King’s: “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” (African Americans)
It is a written letter from King to the clergyman stating the reasons why he was nonviolent protesting to end racism in Alabama where segregation and Jim Crow laws were the worst. He was explaining that he was there because of injustice and discrimination the African Americans were experience in Alabama and willing to serve jail to help end segregation. -
24th Amendment (All people)
It banned poll tax so that African Americans would have the right to vote and not be discriminated against when trying to vote. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (African Americans)
It was created by Johnson. It banned the use of different voter registrations standards for blacks and whites, prohibit discrimination in public accomodations, withheld federal funding for places that practice discrimination, and banned discrimination on race and religion and gave equal employment opportunity. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 (African Americans)
It was passed by Lyndon Johnson aimed to overcome the legal barriers and prohibit racial discrimination that were put on the African Americans when they tried to vote. -
March from Selma, Alabama (African Americans)
It was a march from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery, Alabama to register African Americans to vote. Two marches/protests were held and stopped with violence and had to return to Selma. March 3rd is known as “Bloody Sunday” since so many died that day. MLK led the 2nd march to Montgomery and had the help of the National Guard to help escort them. They registered 3200 African Americans to vote. It led to Johnson to pass the Voting Rights Act. -
Black Panthers (African Americans)
It was founded by a group of activists who believed that violence was the way to receive freedom. They worked and helped solve problems within ghettos and told African Americans to arm themselves to protect themselves from police brutality. They also tried to bring equality to the major segregated cities within the United States. -
MLK assassinated (African Americans)
Civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr was assassinated at St. Joseph’s Hospital, Mephis on April 4, 1968 by James Earl Ray. It was a tragedy for all people especially for African Americans as he was the leader to them all and fought to end segregation between blacks and whites. -
American Indian Movement (Native Americans)
A part of the Civil Rights movement that was focused on honoring the Native American rights/treaties and culture. Protests were held to address police brutality and poverty that were experienced by the Native Americans. it was also to create independence.
