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JAMESTOWN
REASONS FOR ESTABLISHMENT: To find gold in the New World
TOBACCO: Introduced by the Spanish, flourished in Jamestown, & became a cash crop
HEADLIGHT SYSTEM: New settlers who paid their way to VA would receive 50 acres of land, this was to address the labor shortage in Jamestown
http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown(http://www.timetoast.com) -
PILGRIMS/PURITANS
CITY ON A HILL: "Watched by the world" Massachusetts Bay Colony, where the Puritans settled
RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE: Puritans very religious intolerant, Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson
MAYFLOWER COMPACT: First agreement for self-government, the Pilgrims sailed on the Mayflower to Plymouth
HALFWAY COVENANT: Allowed people to be baptized & to join the Puritan church; a partial church membership http://www.history.com/topics/us-states/massachusetts/videos/puritans-vs-pilgrims -
BACON'S REBELLION
REBELLION: Led by Nathaniel Bacon against William Berkley b/c of western land distribution & Berkley's refusal to retaliate against Native attacks
SLAVERY & SERVANTS: Both were promised freedom if they joined Bacon's cause; reliance shifted from indentured servants to slavery https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3mfyQb7Yvs -
MERCANTILISM/SALUTARY NEGLECT
MERCANTILISM: Promoted government regulation of a nation's economy
SALUTARY NEGLECT: The British policy of loose enforcement of commerce laws on the American colonist, led to the American Revolutionary War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3u4EFTwprM -
THE GREAT AWAKENING
WHAT: A period of religious revival that swept the colonies, introducing new and old religions; prepared colonists for the war of independence
WHEN: 1730s-1740s
EFFECTS ON EST. CHURCHES: Made the colonists realize that they could have the religious power in their own hands rather than in those of the Church of England https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5WYle3f3Lkk -
FRENCH & INDIAN WAR EFFECTS
END OF SALUTARY NEGLECT: The Navigation Acts weren't implicit until the end of the war. British ended this when their debt became a larger issue
LINE PROCLAMATION: Established by British; forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains
STAMP ACT: Taxation w/o representation; forced colonists to buy a British stamp for every document they owned; major cause of the revolution https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0qbzNHmfW0 -
DEISM
WHAT: Rejected original sin of man, believed in a supreme being that Supreme Being who had created a knowable universe and endowed human beings with a capacity for moral behavior. Deny Christ's divinity
IMPORTANT B/C: It was the faith of many of the Founding Fathers of the United States; Enlightenment idea about religion; held that God did not actually concern himself with the affairs of people on Earth. Deists were not atheists https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8vmh6-jcQY -
REVOLUTIONARY WAR
FRENCH AID: The Treaty of Alliance, made the United States and France allies against Great Britain in the Revolutionary War; the French decided to back the U.S. in its military efforts until the U.S. had full independence from Great Britain http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/american-revolution-history -
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
PURPOSE: To explain to foreign nations why the colonies had chosen to separate themselves from Great Britain; to declare American independence from Britain
CONTENTS: Preamble describing why the colonies had overthrown their ruler; why and how America will be a separate nation https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Ij7oy3wTZB-IBU_TSgxiuZCXpWu6ykC9pvzeQprZwAs/edit#slide=id.p23 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIoYdC1Gkq8 -
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
WEAK CENTRAL GOV'T: Created a national government composed of a Congress: power to declare war, appoint military officers, sign treaties, make alliances, appoint foreign ambassadors, & manage relations with Indians; prevented individual state governments
SHAY'S REBELLION: Daniel Shays; series of protests made by American farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt; crushed winter of 1787 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bO7FQsCcbD8 -
BRITISH VIOLATIONS OF THE TREATY OF PARIS
Negotiated between the United States and Great Britain, ended the revolutionary war and recognized American independence
British violated by keeping control in Detroit; used Natives to destabilize the region; retained control in this region by arguing that Americans had failed to live up to their bargain to compensate Loyalists for confiscated property https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCDcveZ2dBQ -
LAND ORDINANCE OF 1785/1787
CREATION & ADMISSION OF STATES: (1785) How the government of the United States would distribute the land it had acquired from Great Britain north and west of the Ohio River at the end of the American Revolution. (1787) called for the land north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River to be divided into ten separate states; failed to establish how the government would distribute the land http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Land_Ordinance_of_1785 -
ALIEN & SEDITION ACTS
WHAT: Passed by Federalists (Pres Adams) believed that Democratic-Republican criticism of Federalist policies was disloyal and feared that aliens living in the United States would sympathize with the French during a war; were designed by Federalists to limit the power of the opposition Republican Party; included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote http://www.ushistory.org/us/19e.asp -
CONSTITUTION
STRENGTHENED THE GOV'T: created an executive branch (President) which the Articles of Confederation that had formerly governed the country lacked; the ability to levy and collect taxes from individuals and the power to raise an army; Checks and Balances: no one branch of the government can have complete power
Anti-Federalists opposed the Constitution & Federalists wanted it ratified https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bO7FQsCcbD8 -
HAMILTON ECONOMIC POLICIES
He proposed that the government assume the entire debt of the federal government and the states in order to pull America out of debt from the Revo. War quickly
Thomas Jefferson opposed this. He thought states should charter banks that could issue money
The Whigs party (ex Henry Clay) supported the first bank, the Democrats (ex Andrew Jackson) opposed the first bank http://www.ushistory.org/us/18b.asp -
BILL OF RIGHTS
PURPOSE: To define the civil liberties of the citizens of America and to guarantee the protection of these rights; first 10 amendments to the Constitution http://www.history.com/topics/bill-of-rights -
WASHINGTON'S NEUTRALITY PROCLAMATION
WHAT: a formal announcement issued by Washington in May 1793, declaring the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain; stated that the government would prosecute any American citizens who offered help to any of the nations at war http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-proclamation-of-neutrality-definition-significance.html -
WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS
WHAT: 32 handwritten pages by Washington urging Americans to avoid excessive political party spirit and geographical distinction; in foreign affairs, he warned against long-term alliances with other nations; announcing Washington was leaving presidency http://www.ushistory.org/us/17d.asp -
ELECTION OF 1800
Election was between John S. Adams and new candidate Thomas Jefferson; The election of 1800 was a peaceful transfer of power from the Federalist party to the Democrat/Republican party. AKA “Bloodless Revolution” http://www.ushistory.org/us/20a.asp -
CULT OF DOMESTICITY
Widespread cultural creed that glorified the traditional functions of the women in the home around 1850; Married women had moral power, made decisions that altered the family; Work opportunities started to increase for women https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fM1czS_VYDI -
LOUSIANA PURCHASE
Louisiana Purchase was a purchase of land between THE FRENCH AND AMERICANS. Napoleon lost wars and needed money quickly, so he sold Louisiana territory to US for $15 Million; Doubled the size of the United States territory Considered Thomas Jefferson's biggest accomplishment http://www.history.com/topics/louisiana-purchase -
MARBURY vs MADISON
James Madison (secretary of state) refused to give Marbury commission after Adams presidency ended
-Ruling: Marbury had a right to his commission but Madison didn’t want to give it to him
-SHOWED: Supreme court had the power to declare a congressional act unconstitutional. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/marbury-v-madison-establishes-judicial-review -
WAR OF 1812
CAUSES: British impressment of American ships, arming of natives by British soldiers, warhawks (people who wanted the war), Chesapeake affair
Warhawks: Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
EMBARGO ACT: An act that the Americans made that stopped all trade in and out of the colonies. Bad for them and bad for merchants
June 18, 1812 – March 23, 1815 http://www.history.com/topics/war-of-1812 -
HARTFORD CONVENTION
Convention in January of 1815 when 26 Federalist delegates met to see of they should succeed after the war of 1812.
They created a list of demands that were unrealistic for the colonies to obtain
The last action of the Federalist party http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h512.html -
COMPROMISE OF 1812/MISSOURI COMPROMISE
Henry Clay aka “The great compromiser”; The issue was slavery, Missouri wanted to join America. The problem was they didn't know whether to deem it a FREE or a SLAVE state because it would be an odd amount of states joined, it might upset people
36-30 Line is established saying anything BELOW the line= slave anything ABOVE the line= free state. Maine is entered into the states as a free state while Missouri is added as a slave state http://www.history.com/topics/missouri-compromise -
TRANSCENDENTALISM
WHAT: a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalisation of nature; promoted freedom, self-reliance, and spirituality with nature
NOTABLE PPL: Ralph Waldo Emerson; Henry Thoreau https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t62fUZJvjOs -
MONROE DOCTRINE
- Europe wanted to start colonizing in what is now present day Alaska. US released the Monroe Doctrine saying that if they colonized into their side of the hemisphere, they would start a war. Never really was put into action until 1902; President Theodore Roosevelt added onto the Monroe Doctrine after the Venezuela Crisis; Wasn't something that helped back in the 1800s, but really helped the US 100 years later
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AMERICAN SYSTEM
WHAT: This "System" consisted of three mutually reenforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture
PPL: Clay, Calhoun, Quincy-Adams http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h278.html -
ELI WHITNEY
Invented the Cotton Gin; this cut labor in half, reducing the use of slaves. CREATED TONS OF MONEY FOR THE SOUTH BECAUSE IT INCREASED THE PRODUCTION; Interchangeable parts also benefited the factory system which was huge during this time period http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/cotton-gin-and-eli-whitney -
ANDREW JACKSON/BANKS
NOTABLE PPL: Nicholas Biddle
JACKSON: concerned about the Bank's constitutionality and the general soundness of paper money in place of gold and silver ("HARD MONEY"). Jackson was also sympathetic to "SOFT-MONEY" supporters from the west who wanted access to easy CREDIT; vetoed the BANK RECHARTER BILL. Jackson also ordered the federal government's deposits removed from the Bank of the United States and placed in state or "PET" BANKS, caused economy crash http://www.ushistory.org/us/24d.asp -
ANDREW JACKSON/SUFFRAGE
JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY: democratic movement, dedicated to powerful, at times radical, egalitarian ideals; but mainly for white men
Numerous events during and after the misnamed Era of Good Feelings: among them the neo-Federalist rulings of John Marshall’s Supreme Court, the devastating effects of the panic of 1819, the launching of John Quincy Adams’s and Henry Clay’s American System http://www.history.com/topics/jacksonian-democracy presidency:
March 4, 1829 – March 4, 1837 -
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON
-"The Liberator" newspaper
-Believed that slaves should immediately emancipated
-Opposed by anti-slavery supporters
-Advocated for Women's Rights groups
-Promoted free trade, women's suffrage & fair treatment for Native Americans
-Super duper radical (born dec. 10, 1805; died may 24, 1879; importance rose in the 30s) -
ANDREW JACKSON/INDIAN POLICY
INDIAN REMOVAL ACT: let the president grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy.
TRAIL OF TEARS: white settlers want land, the federal government forced them to leave their homelands and walk thousands of miles to a specially designated “Indian territory” across the Mississippi River http://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/trail-of-tears -
TARIFF OF ABOMINATION/NULLIFICATION CRISIS
TOA: tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and unenforceable within the state of South Carolina after February 1, 1833. Jackson initiated a military regime to stop it; They said that attempts to use force to collect the taxes would lead to the state's secession; eventually accepted the Compromise Tariff and ended the crisis; Led by Clay & Calhoun http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h268.html -
LOWELL SYSTEM
A labor and production model that was common in the United States and northern states where women could work in factories; Made possible by inventions like the spinning jenny because they needed to be mass produced for farms. Also popular in the textile industry https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNftCCwAol0 -
MANIFEST DESTINY
WHAT: American belief that it was their God-given right to expand into western territories
DEMOCRATS: Largely approved and promoted the idea of Manifest Destiny; proposed expansion onto land belonging to NA tribes, England, Mexico, and Spain
WHIGS: opposed M-A War, annexation of Texas, and expansion: feared it would make self-gov't too difficult and that it would spread slavery http://classroom.synonym.com/political-party-opposed-idea-manifest-destiny-11585.html -
MEXICO
-Feared that the annexation of Texas would split their parties; no one wanted to annex Texas b/c of slavery disputes
-Mexicans and "Americans" inhabited Texas, took on the term "Texans"
ELECTION: Henry Clay (Whig; opposed Jackson & demo party) Martin Van Buren (Democrat)
WAR: Mexican American war over the annexation of Texas and large border disputes; US claimed Rio Grande, Mexico claimed Nieces River https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkdF8pOFUfI (started april 25, 1846; ended feb. 2, 1848) -
TREATY OF GUADELOUPE-HIDALGO
WHAT: Ended the war in 1848; Added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory: Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming; Mexico also gave up all claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as America’s southern boundary http://www.history.com/topics/treaty-of-guadalupe-hidalgo -
SENECA FALLS CONVENTION
WHAT: First woman's suffrage convention; discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of women
NOTABLE PPL: Elizabeth C. Stanton & Susan B. Anthony; abolitionist movement. organized Seneca Falls, formed the National Women’s Loyal League w Susan B. Anthony in 1863; Her efforts helped bring about the eventual passage of the 19th Amendment, which gave all citizens the right to vote http://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/elizabeth-cady-stanton -
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
WHAT: Determines that the people who lived in a region should choose for themselves the nature of their government; applied to the idea that settlers of states should decide the terms under which they would join the Union, primarily applied to the status as free or slave. The first promoter of the concept was Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan, who put the idea forward while opposing the Wilmot Proviso in 1846 http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h228.html (late 40s, early 50s) -
COMPROMISE OF 1850
NORTH: Benefitted; admitted California as a free state, abolished slave trade but not slavery in Washington DC, and the disputed New Mexico territory was given to New Mexico
SOUTH: also benefitted; Texas got a $10 million compensation, New Mexico and Utah could choose if they wanted to allow slavery based on popular sovereignty, and tighter Fugitive Slave Laws were enacted http://www.ushistory.org/us/30d.asp -
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
Repealed the Missouri Compromise; enforced popular sovereignty upon the new territories; opposed by Northern Democrats and Whigs; allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders
-Bleeding Kansas: a series of violent events involving anti-slavery and pro-slavery concepts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=roNmeOOJCDY -
IRISH IMMIGRANTS
WHAT/WHY: Came bc of civil unrest, severe unemployment or almost inconceivable hardships at home (potato famine); Built canals and constructed railroads; Involved in almost every labor-intensive endeavor in the country
NATIVIST PARTY: Hostile to the immigration of Irish Catholics and campaigned for laws to require longer wait time between immigration and naturalization (laws not passed) http://www.ushistory.org/us/25f.asp -
DRED SCOTT CASE(S)
WHAT: Dred Scott: a slave who had lived with his owner in a free state before returning to the slave state of Missouri; argued that his time spent in these locations entitled him to emancipation. He was denied; the court found that no black, free or slave, could claim U.S. citizenship, and therefore blacks were unable to petition the court for their freedom
-Heightened abolitionist movements & tension in the north http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/dred-scott-case -
JOHN BROWN
(Radical) Abolitionist John Brown leads a small group on a raid against a federal armory in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in an attempt to start an armed slave revolt and destroy the institution of slavery. Initial plan was to instigate a slave revolt in the south http://www.history.com/topics/harpers-ferry -
LINCOLN/REPUBLICAN POLICY ON SLAVERY IN 1860
-1860 Republican National Convention, Abraham Lincoln became the Presidential nominee. The Republican platform specifically pledged not to extend slavery and called for enactment of free-homestead legislation, prompt establishment of a daily mail service, a transcontinental railroad and support of the protective tariff
SECESSION: seven southern states seceded from the Union; After he was inaugurated as the President, 4 more followed http://cprr.org/Museum/Ephemera/Republican_Platform_1860.html -
CIVIL WAR
Between the Union states (Northern states) of the United States and the states of the Confederacy (Southern States). There were many causes of the civil war, including differences between northern and southern states on the idea of slavery, as well as trade, tariffs, and states rights http://www.ushistory.org/us/33b.asp -
NORTH/SOUTH ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
NORTH: The North produced three-fourths of the nation's wealth. They had a bigger army including thousands of black soldiers. The North also had better equipment and supplies to fight the war
SOUTH: Most of the war was fought on Southern territory so soldiers did not have to travel so far. The South had better generals http://www.ushistory.org/us/33b.asp April 12, 1861 – May 9, 1865 -
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
The Emancipation Proclamation led the way to total abolition of slavery in the United States. With the Emancipation Proclamation, the aim of the war changed to include the freeing of slaves in addition to preserving the Union
The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/emancipation-proclamation -
POST CIVIL WAR (SOUTHERN SOCIETY)
SHARECROPPING: a system of work for freedmen who were employed in the cotton industry; cycle of debt & depression
BLACK CODES: passed by southern states after the Civil War denying ex-slaves the complete civil rights enjoyed by whites and intended to force blacks back to plantations and impoverished lifestyles
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/reconstruction -
TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD
Central Pacific and the Union Pacific Railroad Companies, tasked with building a transcontinental railroad that would link the United States from east to west
Easier business travel allowed direct growth through expanding markets and cheaper distribution
Forced relocation of Native Americans from their lands resulted in widespread destruction of Native American cultures and ways of life
http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/transcontinental-railroad -
REPUBLICAN RECONSTRUCTION
Protective tariffs
Pro-business national banking system
Liberal land policies for settlers
Federal aid for railroad development
-The Compromise of 1877: In return for the Democrats' acquiescence in Hayes' election, the Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South, ending Reconstruction
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h180.html -
SOCIAL DARWINISM
Belief that the rich were a result of natural selection and benefits society. Promoted the belief of Social Darwinism which justified the rich being rich, and poor being poor
Used against social progressive movements
https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-Darwinism -
DAWES ACT
Allowed for the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals -
GOSPEL OF WEALTH
Carnegie describes the wealthy as being especially skilled, intelligent, and prepared with the tools needed to responsibly and efficiently distribute money. This idea implies that poverty is a kind of character flaw of those Americans who are less hardworking https://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/rbannis1/AIH19th/Carnegie.html -
SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT
First Federal act that outlawed monopolistic business practices
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was the first measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit trusts
https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=51 -
POPULISM
Party that started with Western farmers, demanded free and unlimited coinage of silver to increase the amount of money in circulation; graduated income tax rates; nationalized railroads, telephones and telegraphs, 8 hour work day; restricted immigration
https://historyscoop.com/2009/01/23/the-populists-and-what-they-stood-for/ -
FREDERICK JACKSON TURNER THESIS
Turner said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new land to move into
Turner argued that the frontier was significant in; (1) shaping the American character; (2) defining the American spirit; (3) fostering democracy, and (4) providing a safety valve for economic distress in urban, industrial centers
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/development-west/timeline-terms/frederick-jackon-turners-frontier-thesis-0 -
PLESSY v FERGUSON & BROWN v BOARD OF ED
PvF: Supreme Court case about Jim Crow railroad cars in Louisiana; the Court decided by 7 to 1 that legislation could not overcome racial attitudes, and that it was constitutional to have "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites
BvB: Argued that a separate but equal violated equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. Warren decided separate educational facilities were inherently unequal
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2776.html -
SPANISH AMERICAN WAR
Americans declared war on Spain after the ship Maine exploded in Havana's Harbor. The War was also caused by Americans' desire to expand as well as the harsh treatment that the Spanish had over the Cubans. Furthermore, the U.S. wanted to help Cubans gain independence from Spain. The war resulted in the U.S. gaining Guam and Puerto Rico as well as control over the Philippines. "A Splendid Little War."
http://www.history.com/topics/spanish-american-war -
OPEN DOOR POLICY
Statement of U.S. foreign policy toward China. Issued by U.S. secretary of state John Hay (1899), the statement reaffirmed the principle that all countries should have equal access to any Chinese port open to trade
Reflected the intense spirit of competition among global powers during the Age of Imperialism
https://www.albert.io/blog/open-door-policy-ap-us-history-crash-course/ -
LAISSEZ FAIRE ECONOMICS
In economics, this means allowing industry to be free of state intervention, especially restrictions in the form of tariffs and government monopolies. Social Darwinism. A theory that the laws of evolution by natural selection also apply to social structures. Gilded Age
https://www.britannica.com/topic/laissez-faire -
TITANS OF INDUSTRY
Positive name for wealthy business owners of this time. Says that they helped the country become strong:
-Rockefeller: Standard Oil
-Carnegie: Carnegie Steel
-JP Morgan: US Steel
-Cornelius Vanderbilt
-George Pullman
http://www.apnotes.net/notes-16e/ch24-16e.html -
GILDED-AGE BUSINESS CYCLE
America's economy grew by more than 400% between 1860 and 1900
Technological advances, expanding population, improved transportation, financial innovation, and new business practices combined to fuel this economic growth
"Titans of Industry"
Unskilled urban workers did not share in economic gains, instead enduring great poverty
http://www.shmoop.com/gilded-age/economy.html -
SOUTHERN & EASTERN EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS
A new wave of immigrants, from eastern and southern Europe, frightened Americans because of the emigrant's customs, different faiths, illiteracy, and poverty
They were a new group of immigrants coming into the United States that consisted of: Italians, Slavs, Greeks, Jews, and Armenians
http://www.flowofhistory.org/themes/movement_settlement/uspolicytimeline.php -
PROGRESSIVISM
REFORMS: It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution
MUCKRAKERS: Journalists who exposed corrupt businesses
CITY GOVT: Complied to assist general attention to city plants and sewage/cleaning
https://www.apstudynotes.org/us-history/outlines/chapter-29-progressivism-and-the-republican-roosevelt-1901-1912/ -
FORD/MODEL-T/ASSEMBLY LINE
MODEL T: Mass produced & sold at an affordable price. Allowed for greater distances of transportation and the immigration of Americans around the nation. Also greatly increased his workers wages and instituted many modern concepts of regular work hours and job benefits
ASSEMBLY LINE: A system that increased worker productivity and product output. Perfected by Henry Ford and soon adopted by many businesses around the country
http://avhs-apush.wikispaces.com/Ford%2C+Henry -
POST WWI REACTIONS
The red scare was a period of fear following the Bolshevik Revolution in Europe for the Americans where they were fearful of communism taking over America
Klu Klux Klan
Quota System which limited the number of immigrants from other countries. It started in 1921 with the Quota Act, which limited immigration to 3% of the American population. In 1924, congress passes the Immigration Act which lowered it to 2%, targeting mostly southern and eastern europe -
McCARTHYISM
A brand of vitriolic, fear-mongering anti-communism associated with the career of Senator Joseph McCarthy. In the early 1950s, Senator McCarthy used his position in Congress to baselessly accuse high-ranking government officials and other Americans of conspiracy with communism. The term named after him refers to the dangerous forces of unfairness and fear wrought by anticommunist paranoia
http://www.course-notes.org/us_history/unit_notes/unit_nine_1940_1960/mccarthyism -
FREDERICK DOUGLAS vs DuBOIS
FD: born a slave but escaped to the North and became a prominent black abolitionist; gifted orator, writer, and editor; published "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass"
Du: Harvard educated scholar and advocate of full black social and economic equality through the leadership of a talented tenth. He felt that immediate "ceaseless agitation" was the only way to truly attain equal rights
http://www.ushistory.org/us/42e.asp -
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s. Wilson's proposed international body that constituted the key provision of the Versailles Treaty
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/league -
1920s LITERATURE
LOST GEN: refer to a group of American literary notables
-Poets F. Scott Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, Waldo Peirce, and John Dos Passos. It also refers to the time period from the end of World War I to the beginning of the Great Depression
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lost-Generation -
SCOPES TRIAL & CULTURAL CONFLICT
1925- a highly publicized trial where John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school. Scopes was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and defended by Clarence Darrow; Scopes was convicted but the verdict was later. Displayed the fundamentalism prevalent in rural areas at the time
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1438.html -
KELLOGG-BRIAND PACT
Pact of Paris signed with the French Ministry and it ratified by 62 nations. -- made war illegal as a tool of national policy, allowing only defensive war. The Treaty was generally believed to be useless. Defensive wars were still permitted; causing one to wonder what scheming aggressor could not make an excuse of self-defense
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1485.html -
NAVAL BUILDING LIMITATIONS
A conference held to discuss naval arms limitation, held in Geneva, The U.S. wanted to extend the 5:5:3 ratio beyond capital ships to the lesser vessels. Brits & Japs agreed. The U.S. decided that the only way to get the other countries to agree to additional limitations on armaments was by resuming the naval construction race, which it began in 1929
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/naval-conference -
GREAT DEPRESSION
CAUSES: The economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s
http://www.history.com/topics/great-depression -
HOOVER: WELFARE & HANDOUTS
Hoover: Businessmen should run the gov't. (management experience)
Cabinet positions went to wealthy business leaders
Rejection of federal government programs
Conservatives believed local communities & charity should take that responsibility: Hoover's philosophy during Depression
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1930) Highest peacetime tariff in U.S. history
An average of almost 60% - Didn't protect U.S. business as designed, but further plunged the world into an economic depression -
1930s ISOLATIONISM
EURO DEBT ISSUE: The Great Depression was a global issue, targeting the US and European nations. Germany and losers cant conjure up money for reparations, other countries in debt from wartime
CAUSES: World War One, Dawes Plan, Great Depression and the stock market crash. America turns back to isolationism in attempt to amend the nation's economy
CONSEQUENCES: Hawley-Smoot Tariff, Stimson Doctrine, Good Neighbor Policy
http://www.ushistory.org/us/50a.asp -
MELLON ECONOMIC POLICIES
The Secretary of the Treasury during the Harding Administration. He felt it was best to invest in tax-exempt securities rather than in factories that provided prosperous payrolls. He believed in trickle down economics (Hamiltonian economics) and that the economy would heal itself. He reduced spending gave tax cuts to the wealthy -
FDR
100 DAYS LEGISLATION
DIFFERENCES W HOOVER
COURT PACKING
GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY
LEND-LEASE
http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/franklin-d-roosevelt
http://www.historynet.com/franklin-d-roosevelt -
NEUTRALITY ACTS
prohibited sale of arms to belligerents in a war; banned loans to belligerents; citizens cannot travel to countries at war or travel on armed ships; passed to prevent American involvement in future overseas wars
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/neutrality-acts -
WWII
JAPANESE INTORNMENT: Executive order 9066 forced Japanese internment in camps after the Pearl Harbor attack during WWII and growing tensions and suspicions of spies and a possible second attack
WOMEN IN WORKFORCE: Women in the workforce grew accordingly with WWII as more people were needed in the industry
RACISM: Executive order 9981 allowed for African Americans to be integrated into the US military -
TRUMAN
FAIR DEAL
REPUBLICAN CONGRESS
KOREAN WAR
CONTAINMENT
COLD WAR
BERLIN AIRLIFT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4ZHM_h_gXg
http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/harry-truman -
1950s
SUBURBS
BABY BOOM
NUCLEAR WAR SCARE
DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY
ROCK N ROLL
CONSUMERISM
ECONOMIC BOOMS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHjufIBPbbw -
SPUTNIK
First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sputnik-launched -
CUBAN MISSLE CRISIS
The Cuban Missile Crisis was an incident where Soviet missiles were placed in Cuba as a response for help. The event greatly increased tensions between the Soviets and the Americans. As a result, a hotline was established between the two nations to avoid any accidents
http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/cuban-missile-crisis -
LBJ
GREAT SOCIETY
CIVIL RIGHTS -
LABOR UNIONS
GOMPERS
LEWIS
AFL
CIO
WAGNER ACT
TAFT HARLEY ACT
IMMIGRANTS
SHERMAN ANTI TRUST ACT -
VIETNAM
GULF OF TONKIN
JOHNSON
NIXON
PROTESTS -
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
SIT INS
SCHOOL DESEGREGATION
MLK
MARCH ON WASHINGTON
RADICAL BLACK LEADERS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gqDqwWDFag
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement -
1960s PROTEST
VIETNAM
COUNTER-CULTURE
WOMENS MOVEMENT
