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Mussolini Takes over Italy's Government
Mussolini used the March on Rome to take control of Italy. Mussolini later called it more of a transfer of power within the framework of the constitution than a conquest of power. more info
References:
Thomson, Ian. 'Target: Italy Review – Britain's Secret War Against Mussolini'. the Guardian. N.p., 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
Beer Hall Putsch
Hitler tried to start a take over the government in Bavaria in a beer hall in Munich. It failed and Hitler was sentenced to prison, there he wrote "Mein Kampf". more info
References:
Thomson, Ian. 'Target: Italy Review – Britain's Secret War Against Mussolini'. the Guardian. N.p., 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Treaty between the US and other Powers providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy. Signed at Paris. more info
References:
Encyclopedia Britannica,. 'Kellogg-Briand Pact | France-United States [1928]'. N.p., 2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
U.S. Stock Market Crash
Called Black Tuesday when investors traded some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. Started a worldwide depression. more info
References:
Thebubblebubble.com,. 'The Stock Market Crash Of 1929 |'. N.p., 2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
Japan invades Manchuria
Japan attacks Manchuria; within a few days Japan held many defensive positions in Southern Manchuria. more info
References:
Bbc.co.uk,. 'BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Manchuria'. N.p., 2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
Nazi's reach political majority in Germany
After the careful underming of the republic in Germany, the Nazi's gained control of Germany's government. more info
References:
Weimar Republic,. 'Why The Weimar Republic Failed?'. N.p., 2012. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
Hitler becomes Germany's Chancellor
When Hitle became chancellor, non-nazi's and others thought it would be their advantage. The army and the industrialists sided with Hitler. But they all made one huge mistake, they underestimated him. more info References:
Historyplace.com,. 'The History Place - World War II In Europe Timeline: January 30, 1933 - Hitler Becomes Chancellor Of Germany'. N.p., 2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
Japan withdraws from the League of Nations
After warnings from the LoN about its invasion of Manchuria Japan leaves the Assembley permanently more info References:
Kjc-fs2.kjc.uni-heidelberg.de,. 'Global Politics On Screen | Short Chronology'. N.p., 2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
First Anti-Semitic Law passed in Germany
Just weeks after Hitler became Chancellor, the SA initiated a campaign to encourage boycotts of Jewish-owned buisinesses. Other laws prevented Jews from holding state jobs and from working in state run hospitals and schools. And Jews lost the employment rights as a result. more info
References:
Theholocaustexplained.org,. 'The Development Of Anti-Jewish Laws - The Holocaust Explained Website'. N.p., 2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
The Night of the Long Knives
Also called the Rohm Purge. When Hitler's Brownshirted SA led by Ernst Rohm (who were largely resonsible for puting Hitler into power) got out of hand. Hitler who didn't want to anger the German army and Chief of Staff killed Rohm and other high ranking SA officials. more info
References:
Historyfollower.com,. 'The Night Of Long Knives – Hitler Purges The Nazi Party - History Follower'. N.p., 2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
Hitler openly announces he will defy the Treaty of Versailes
Hitler broke the Treaty of Verasiles (which stated that Germany could only have an army of 100,00 men, 0 airplanes, and only 6 battle ships) by secretly reopening conscripting and giving large sums to the army. Britain and France let Hitler get away with it. more info
References:
Historyplace.com,. 'The History Place - Triumph Of Hitler: Nazis March Into The Rhineland'. N.p., 2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
Creation of the Nuremberg Laws
The Nuremberg Laws were anti-Jewish statutes enacted by Germany. These laws marked a step in Germany's steps in removing Jewish influences from Aryan Society. One of these laws stated that marriage between Aryans and Non-Aryans illegal. more info
References:
Jewishvirtuallibrary.org,. 'Background & Overview Of The Nuremberg Laws | Jewish Virtual Library'. N.p., 2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
Italy invades Ethiopia
An Armed conflict between Faciast Italy and Ethiopia. This conflict shows the ineffectiveness of the LoN. Italy used a border incident between Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland as a reason to invade more info
References:
Www2.needham.k12.ma.us,. 'Ethiopia'. N.p., 2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
Hitler militarizes the Rhineland
Hitler breaks the treaty of Versailes again by remilitarizing the Rhineland which was used as a buffer zone between France and Germany. more info
References:
Bbc.co.uk,. 'BBC - Higher Bitesize History - Rhineland : Revision'. N.p., 2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
Rape of Nanking
After the defeat of the Chinese at Shanghai the Japanese moved onto Nanking where they killed over half of the city's population. The others were saved by Westerners who set up a defensive ring known as a international safety zone. This zone saved over 300,000 lives. more info
References:
Alittlereality.blogspot.com,. 'A Little Reality: Five Infamous Days Of WWII Worse Than Pearl Harbor'. N.p., 2013. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
Germany Annexes Austria
Hitler bullied the Austrian Prime Minister(non-Nazia) to step down. Then Hitler march in with German forces and declared Anschluss(annexation). Hitler then set up a Nazi government there. more info
References:
"Germany's Annexation of Austria (Anschluss)." Germany's Annexation of Austria (Anschluss). Accessed February 18, 2015. http://www.gloupe.com/dots/view/1601. -
Hitler demands the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia
Hitler wanted to attack all of Czechoslovakia but was overwhelmed by the eagerness of the Allies to offer the Studetenland to him on a plate. Hitler told the Allies and his people this would be his last territorial demand. more info
References:
"The Sudetenland Crisis." The Sudetenland Crisis. Accessed February 18, 2015. http://www.gcsehistory.org.uk/modernworld/appeasement/sudetenland.htm. -
Munich Confrence
Where the Allies used appseasment to give Hitler what he wanted which was the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia. To Hitler the agreement was nothing more than a piece of paper. Czechoslovakia wasn't even invited. more info
References:
"The Munich Conference." The Munich Conference. Accessed February 18, 2015. http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/munich-conference. -
Kristallancht
"The Night of Broken Glass." Where the Nazi's used cordinated attacks on the Jews. Jews were murdered and brutalized, their stores looted and destroyed, and their Synagogues burned. The German peole did nothing. more info
References:
"Kristallnacht: Background & Overview." Background & Overview of Kristallnacht. Accessed February 18, 2015. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/kristallnacht.html. -
Einstein's letter to FDR "The Manhattan Project"
Einstein tells FDR that German scientist have split the Uranium atom. Einstein also includes that Germany is collecting supplies to create an atomic bomb. more info
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Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
A non-agression pact signed by the leaders of Germany and Russia. The pact gave Polish land to both Germany and Russia. The non-agression was supposed to last 10 yrs. more info
References:
"Embassy of the United States Tallinn, Estonia." Speeches and Articles. Accessed February 18, 2015. http://estonia.usembassy.gov/sp_082310.html. -
Nazi invasion of Poland
In an attempt to gain more land Germany invaded Poland using the military style known as the Blitzkrieg(lightning war). According to the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact Germany got the Eastern half of Poland while Russia got the Western half. Hitler hoped this act would be tolerated but he was wrong, soon after Britain and France declared war on Germany. more info
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Evacuation of Dunkirk
As the French were pushed back by the Germans who were useing the same plan of attack as they did in WWI they were pushed to the port of Dunkirk. There they held there ground until British war ships and othe civilian vessels came to their rescue and took them back to Britain. more info
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France Surrenders
The French retreated leaving Paris an open city which allowed Germany to march in and capture the city with no resistantce. When France called upon Germany for and Armastice Hitler demanded it be done at the same place and in the same train car as it was done when Germany surrendered in WWI at Compiegne to humiliate the French. more info
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Battle of Britain
Where Germany's air force the Luftwaffe and RAF (Royal Air Force) Britain's air force fought over the United Kingdom. This was the largest sustained bombing campaing to that date. Britain used its highly trained fighter piolts and its radar stations to hold off the attacks until Hitler postponed the attacks. more info
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The Tripartite Act
On this day the Axis Powers were formed when Italy, Japan, and Germany signed this pact. The pact stated that Italy and Germany would control Europe while Japan gained Greater East Aisa. There was a fourth signatory Hungary it was forced into the Axis powers by Germany. more info
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Lend Lease Act
FDR allowed the transportation of arms and goods to the Allies (enemys of the Axis powers.) more info
References:
"Senate Passed a Supplemental Lend-Lease Bill." Senate Passed a Supplemental Lend-Lease Bill. Accessed February 19, 2015. http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/wwii/jb_wwii_lendleas_2.html. -
Operation Barbossa
Three million German troops marched into Russia. This act destroyed the non-agression pact that Germany and Russia signed in 1939. Hitler sent in three million men, 3,000 tanks, 2,500 aircraft, and 7,000 artillery pieces. more info
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Bombing of Pearl Harbor
Japanese aircraft attack and bomb Pearl Harbor. They destroyed nearly 20 Naval ships, 2,000 sailors were killed and 1,000 wounded. The attack lasted 2 hrs. After the attack the US declared war on Japan. more info
References:
"Pearl Harbor Attack | Japanese-United States History." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed February 19, 2015. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/448010/Pearl-Harbor-attack. -
Creation of the United Nations
Led by the US, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union, the signatories agreed to use all avaliable resources to defeat the Axis powers. Also in the future the signatories promised to create a international peacekeping organization. more info
References:
"The Yearbook of the United Nations." UN Yearbook. Accessed February 19, 2015. http://www.unmultimedia.org/searchers/yearbook/page.jsp?volume=1946-47&bookpage=1. -
The Wannsee Conference and the "Final Solution"
Where the Nazis implicated the final solution to the jewish problem. The meeting was called to order by Reinhard Heydrich the head of the Reich Security Main Office. Shootings at Kovno and Riga in November signaled the first mass killings of German Jews.
more info
References
"The Wannsee Conference." The Wannsee Conference. Accessed February 19, 2015. http://www.jewishfilm.org/Catalogue/films/wannseeconference.htm. -
Bataan Death March
American and Filipino forces surrender to the Japanese on the island's western Bataan Peninusla. Some 76,000 prisoners (12,000 Americans and the rest Filipinos) were march 60 miles northward. The Japanese were merciless towards the prisoners and 5,200 Americans died along the way, few escaped.
more info
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Doolittle Raid
Led by Lt. Colonel James H. Doolittle 16 bombers each carrying 4 bombs launched off 450 feet of runway on an airship carrier. 13 targeted Tokyo others bombed Nagoya, Osaka, and Kobe. All but 8 airmen made it to friendly territory. Four of those eight airmen were later excuted. more info
References:
2worldwar2.com,. 'The Doolittle Raid'. N.p., 2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. -
Battle of Midway
Where the Americans and Japanese navies fought in the north-central Pacific Ocean. The Japanese lost 5,000 men, 322 aircraft, and 5 ships. The Americans lost 147 planes and 300 men. Called the turning point in the Pacific Theater.
more info
References:
"Battle of Midway | World War II." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed February 19, 2015. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/381684/Battle-of-Midway. -
Operation Torch
The Allied attack of North Africa. There first step in taking Nazi held Europe.
more info
References:
"Operation Torch." - Allied Landings in North Africa during WW2. Accessed February 19, 2015. http://ww2-weapons.com/History/Battles/North-Africa/Torch.htm. -
Battle of Stalingard
Succesful Soviet defense of Stalingrad from the Nazis.
Was a major turning point in the war.
more info
References:
2013, 6:42PM. "Stalingrad: The Turning Point of the Second World War." The Telegraph. Accessed February 19, 2015. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/rbth/features/9942742/stalingrad-second-world-war.html. -
Island Hopping
After the Battle of Midway the Allies started a offensive to gain air control and to get closer the Japanes mainland. The Allies passed stronger held bases and attacked weaker defenses.
more info
References:
Accessed February 19, 2015. https://herndonapush.wikispaces.com/Island Hopping. -
Operation Overlord and D-Day
Allied invasion of Euprope from Normady, France. Was one of the largest amphibious military assaults in history. more info
References:
"D-Day Invasion of France Timeline." D-Day. Accessed February 19, 2015. http://www.secondworldwarhistory.com/d-day-the-allied-invasion-of-france.asp. -
Operation Valkyrie
Plot to kill Hitler made by members of his inner circle who didn't agree with Hitlers methods. The plan was to take control of the German army and keep running Germany. The assasination attempt failed. As a result 4,980 Germans were executed.
more info
Reference:
"Newsletter." Operation Valkyrie. Accessed February 19, 2015. https://www.beyondbandofbrothers.com/operationvalkyrie/. -
Discovery of Majdanek
Soviet soldiers who were marching into Nazi controlled land in Poland and found a concentration camp full of dead jews. The surviving jews were moved to other camps.
more info
References:
"Report on the Majdanek Death Camp Is "Unbelievable"" World War II Today RSS. Accessed February 19, 2015. http://ww2today.com/11-august-1944-report-on-the-majdanek-death-camp-is-unbelievable. -
Battle of the Bulge
German blitzkrieg Offensive meant to split the Allied armies in the Ardennes. The plan was stalled by American troops stationed there. The defensive lines taken by the Americans took the shape of a large bulge, hence the name. more info
References:
"Battle of the Bulge." History Wars Weapons. Accessed February 19, 2015. http://historywarsweapons.com/battle-of-the-bulge/. -
Hitler's Suicide
When Hitler chose to stay in Berlin he stayed in his self sustaining air-raid shelter. He only left once to decorate a squadren of Hitler Youth. He then consumed a cyanide capsule and shoots himself in the head.
more info
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V-E Day
After Hitler's suicide the German army collapsed and the Nazis surrendered. The German General Jodl signed the unconditional surreder.
more info
References:
"A Look Back: V-E Day." A Look Back: V-E Day. Accessed February 19, 2015. http://www.geni.com/blog/a-look-back-v-e-day-384307.html. -
Bombing of Hiroshima
First product of the Manhattan Project was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan at 8:15 in the morning on August 6, 1945. 90,000 were killed instantly, 152,437 others died due to radiation posioning.
more info
References:
"Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki." - New World Encyclopedia. Accessed February 19, 2015. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Bombing_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki. -
Bombong of Nagasaki
Days after Hiroshima America dropped "Fat Man" a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. Destruction seen at Nagasaki wasn't as bad as Hiroshima because of Nagasaki's topography. Around 80,000-60,000 people died.
more info
References:
"Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki." - New World Encyclopedia. Accessed February 19, 2015. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Bombing_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki. -
V-J Day
After both atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan surrendered. Japan's emporer Hirohito told his people to accept the surrender and blamed it on the use of the atomic bomb.
more info
References:
Accessed February 19, 2015. http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?displaypage=output.cfm&file_id=1352. -
The Nuremberg Trials
Held the purpose of putting Nazi party members on trial for their actions towards the Jews. Regarded as a milestone into establishing a permenant international court.
more info
References:
"What Were the Nuremberg Trials?" - The Holocaust Explained Website. Accessed February 19, 2015. http://www.theholocaustexplained.org/ks4/survival-and-legacy/what-became-of-the-perpetrators/what-were-the-nuremberg-trials/#.VOVe9Ms5CAg. -
The Japenese War Crime Trials
28 Japanese military and goverment officials were put on trial 25 were found guilty (2 had died during the trial and another was declared insane). 7 were commended to death (including General Tojo), 16 were sentenced to life in prison, 2 others had lesser sentences.
more info
References -
The Beginning of the Cold War
Truman stated that the US would provide political, military, and economic assistance to all democratic nations threatened by external or internal authoritarian forces.
more info
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