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Mussolini takes over Italy's government
Many people say Mussolini had a "thirst for military glory". After World War I, in which he was a rifleman, he wanted to control Italy and re-create the old Roman Empire. He forced the making of the Facist Government in Italy and then became prime minister, and eventually dictator.
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References:
F., D. 'Ravenna, No Alla Revoca Della Cittadinanza A Mussolini: Il Centrosinistra Vota Contro'. fanpage. N.p., 2015. Web. 9 Feb. 2015. -
Beer Hall Putsch
The Beer Hall Putsch was Hitler's pursuit to take over the Weimar government in Munich. On November 8th, the Prime Minister was having a meeting at a beer hall. Hitler sent 600 Stormtroopers into the hall and tried to scare them to support his takeover of the Berlin government. On November 9th, Hitler marched with his followers.Hitler was arrested and charged with treason.
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Kellog-Briand Pact
The Kellog-Briand Pact was an agreement to not use war for disputes between countries. Most countries agreed to the pact to settle disputes in peaceful ways.
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References:
Inter-wars.weebly.com,. 'Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928 - Inter-War Period: Causes Of WWII'. N.p., 2015. Web. 12 Feb. 2015. -
U.S. Stock Market Crash
The stock market completely crashed on October 29th when 16.5 million shares were traded in one day. This caused them to lose billions of dollars. After that, about half of U.S. banks failed and unemployment was at 15 million people.
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References:
Coleman, Loren. 'Twilight Language: Stock Market Suicides?'. Copycateffect.blogspot.com. N.p., 2008. Web. 12 Feb. 2015. -
Japan Invades Manchuria
Japan was running out of room in their country so they needed more land for their growing population. China offered them 200,000 square kilometers of land, but Japan wanted more.Manchuria was rich in minerals so they wanted it. They made a huge invasion on Manchuria in 1931 and took it over. The League of Nations did not do much to stop them because they did not want to lose their trade with Japan.
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Hitler becomes Germany's Chancellor
On January 30, President Paul von Hindenburg made Hitler the chancellor of Germany. The German people were still suffering from the loss of World War I and Hitler wanted to help Germany become a mighty, one party country.
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References:
Shmoop,. 'World War II Timeline Of Important Dates'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. -
Nazi's reach a political majority in Germany
After the Nazis failed to win the majority in the Reichstag, they created a bill called the "Enabling Act" which gave Hitler the power to order new laws without voting for four years. Most Communists and Socialists were arrested so the bill passes. Hitler then banishes all political parties in Germany except the Nazis.
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References
: Holocaust-education.dk,. 'The Danish Center For Holocaust And Genocide Studies'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. -
Japan Withdraws from the League of Nations
The League of Nations said that Japan should leave Manchuria and that Manchuria should remain semi-independent. Japan did not like this, so they left the League of Nations.
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References:
Iconicphotos.wordpress.com,. 'War | Iconic Photos | Page 14'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. -
First Anti-Semitic Law is passed in Germany
On April 7, they passed the first Anti-Semitic law stating that Jews can't work as judges, doctors , lawyers, and teachers in state facilities. The president then changed it to exclude war veterans, but Hitler changed it back in 1934 when the president died.
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References:
Freedomisknowledge.com,. 'How Hitler Came To Rule Germany: 1919 - 1938'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. -
Rhome Purge
Hitler felt that Ernst Rhome, as well as the other SA members, were becoming a threat to his control in Germany and were planning a revolt against Hitler. On the night of June 30th Hitler sent a list out with many people who we wanted to be killed. Ernst Rhome was one of them. They gave him a pistol and told him to shoot himselft but he wouldn't do it so someone else shot him.
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Hitler openly announces to his cabinet he will defy the Treaty of Versailles
On March 15, Hitler assembled a Cabinet meeting and told them his big decision- that he would disregard the Treaty of Versailles and militarize Germany again.
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References:
Justice for Germans,. 'Did Adolf Hitler Serve The New World Order Agenda?'. N.p., 2013. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. -
Creation of the Nuremberg Laws
On September 15, Jews are no longer considered citizens but subjects. Jews were not welcome in most places of the country, they were not allowed to have certain jobs, and there were strict laws on who they could have relationships with.
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References:
Historyplace.com,. 'The History Place - Triumph Of Hitler: The Nuremberg Laws'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. -
Italy Invades Ethiopia
Benito Mussolini wanted to be like Hitler and take as much land as he could. He wanted Ethiopia. He said what he was doing was no different than what other countries were doing in Africa. Italy had previously lost to Ethiopia before in 1896. Italy then invaded Ethiopia and won.
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References:
Historycentral.com,. 'Italy Invades Ethiopia'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. -
Hitler Militarizes the Rhineland
The Treaty of Versailles, signed after World War I, stated that the area between France and Germany, the Rhineland, will not be militarized. On May 7th, Hitler disregards the treaty and remilitarizes the Rhineland with German troops.
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References:
Historyplace.com,. 'The History Place - Triumph Of Hitler: Nazis March Into The Rhineland'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. -
Rape of Nanking
Nanking, the capital of China, fell to Japan. Japanese General Matsui Iwane ordered that city of Nanking should be demolished. Most of the city was burned. The Japanese killed around 150,000 male war prisoners plus 50,000 male civilians, and raped 20,000 women killing most of them. The General was accused of war crimes and executed after the war.
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References:
Fairyprincessdiaries.com,. 'Rape Of Nanking | Fairyprincessdiaries'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. -
Germany Annexes Austria
The Treaty of Versailles also stated that Germany and Austria can't unite together but on March 13th, Germany marched into the German-speaking country Austria and made it a part of the Third Reich. The majority of people in Austria wanted to be a part of the Third Reich.
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References:
Ushmm.org,. 'Austria'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. -
Hitler demands the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia
The Sudetenland was an area on the border with Germany that had mostly Germans living there. At the Bertesgaden meeting, Hitler demanded that the Sudetenland be given to Germany or else he will invade the country. They agreed that places with at least 50% Germans should be given to Germany.
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Munich Conference
On September 30th, four countries- France, Italy, Germany, and Great Britain met together to discuss the issue about the Sudetenland. Czecholslovakia was not invited. They appeased Hitler and gave him the Sudetenland, an area in western Czecholslovakia. They told Czechoslovakia if they wouldn't agree with this, France and Great Britain would not help them when Germany invaded.
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Kristallnacht
On Novermber 7th, a 17 year old Jew killed a German Embassy Secretary. Hitler wanted revenge. On the night of November 9th, the Nazis went out and destroyed 815 shops, 171 houses, 119 synagogues, 20,000 Jews were arrested, and 36 deaths were reported. This night also became known as "The Night of Broken Glass".
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Einstein’s letter to FDR, “The Manhattan Project”
In 1938, Einstein learned that three Berlin scientists split the Uranium atom which causes a lot of energy to be released. He wrote a letter to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and warned him that the Nazis were working on a new weapon which was the atomic bomb. So in December 1941, the U.S. started working on the atomic bomb which became known as the Manhattan Project.
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References:
Nuclearweaponarchive.org,. 'The Manhattan Project'. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. -
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was a nonaggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union. It meant that neither country could attack eachother. This pact was made only a few days before World War II started. This pact also broke up eastern Europe into German influences and Soviet influences.
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References: UpNorth,. 'Midnight In The New Century: 75 Years After The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact - Upnorth'. N.p., 2014. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Nazi invasion of Poland
Early in the morning, 1.5 million German troops invaded the country of Poland. The Luftwaffe bombed Poland's airfields while the warships attacked naval bases in the Baltic Sea. Three days later, France and Great Britain declared war on Germany which started World War II even though Hitler said they attacked for defensive reasons.
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References:
Ushmm.org,. 'Invasion Of Poland, Fall 1939'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Evacuation of Dunkirk
On May 10th, Germany started attacking the western European countries and would end at Dunkirk in France. On May 26th, Great Britain started loading ships of people from Dunkirk to Great Britain. They even used British citizen owned boats such as yachts or fishing boats. In 9 days, they saved 198,000 British and 140,000 French soldiers.
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References:
Christianstogether.net,. 'Christians Together : The Miracle Of Dunkirk: 70 Years On'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
France Surrenders
On June 5th, The Germans attacked from the north after they invaded Belgium. On June 14th, they reached Paris. Then on June 22nd, France Surrenders. The armistice lets the northern half of France be controlled by the Nazis while the bottom was controlled by the Vichy government which was a French government that cooperated with the Axis powers.
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References:
Fold3.com, France. 'France Surrenders To Germany.Jpg - Fold3.Com'. Fold3.com. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Battle of Britain
Since Germany took over France, Great Britain knew Germany would try to take over Britain soon. On July 10, Germany started doing air bombing raids against Great Britain, but their planes were not as advanced as Great Britain's planes, which could turn tighter and had better guns.
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References:
Rafmuseum.org.uk,. 'The Battle Of Britain Phase Three | History Of The Battle Of Britain | Exhibitions & Displays | Research | RAF Museum'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
The Tripartite Pact
The Tripartite Pact was signed by Germany, Italy, and Japan. It was an alliance between the three countries. It said that if any countries would be attacked the other two countries would help the fight against that country.
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References:
Fold3.com, Tripartite. 'Tripartite Pact.Jpg - Fold3.Com'. Fold3.com. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Lend Lease Act
The Lend-Lease Act was the act that let the president of the U.S. send weapons and supplies to other countries. The president could send weapons to countries who were important to help keep America safe. This made America not as neutral as they said they were.
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References:
Americaslibrary.gov,. 'Senate Passed A Supplemental Lend-Lease Bill'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa was Hitler's plan to invade the Soviet Union. He sent 3 million troops and over 3,000 tanks into the Soviet Union. Germans made a lot of progress the first months of the invasion, but then things started slowing down. They were 2/3 of the way to Moscow when the weather started getting bad. The Germans eventually had to retreat and Operation Barbarossa was a fail.
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Bombing of Pearl Harbor
Early in the morning, a swarm of Japanese bombers flew over Pearl Harbor and attacked it. They destroyed 5 battleships, three destroyers, and seven other ships. 2,400 Americans total were killed and 1,200 were injured. This attack made America declare war against Japan which ultimately led them into World War II.
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References:
Apfn.org,. 'THE PEARL HARBOR DECEPTION'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Creation of the United Nations
Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Winston Churchill made a declaration that signed 26 countries into the United Nations. These countries will attempt to keep international peace among countries after the war.
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References:
Russiancouncil.ru,. 'RIAC :: Heidi Tworek: We Would Like To Encourage Interest In The History Of The United Nations'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015.. -
The Wannsee Conference and the “Final Solution”
A bunch of high ranking Nazi officials met together in Wansee to dicuss their "Jewish problem". They decided to send all the Jews they could to death or labor camps. There they would decide if they were able to work or not. If they couldn't, they would be killed soon after.
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References:
Encyclopedia Britannica,. 'Wannsee Conference | Germany [1942]'. N.p., 2013. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Bataan Death March
After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Japanse started attacking the Philippines. After the Phillipines surrendered, the Japamses made 75,000 Filipino and American troops march for 85 miles in 6 days to a prisoner camp. The troops only had one meal of rice for the whole 6 days. Many people died on the way to the camp.
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References:
Nydailynews.com,. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Doolittle Raid
16 American B-25 bombers attacked the Japanese mainland. They did little real damage to the city, but damaged the government's reputation.
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References:
Nationalmuseum.af.mil,. 'Factsheets : Doolittle Raid'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Battle of Midway
The island of Midway is 1,500 miles west of Hawaii. The Japanese were planning to use their navy to strike the island. Code breakers from America figured out that the Japanese were going to attack and attacked back. The Japanese eventually had to retreat which resulted in an Allied victory.
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References:
Encyclopedia Britannica,. 'Battle Of Midway | World War II'. N.p., 2014. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Battle of Stalingrad
The Germans were attempting to take the city of Stalingrad vey quickly, but the Russians were preparted for the German attack. The Russians built up their defenses and brought in reinforcements to fight the Germans. The fighting went on for awhile, but eventually the Germans ran low on men, but Hitler wouldn't allow them to retreat. The Russians surrounded them and won the battle.
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Operation Torch
Operation Torch was the allied invasion of north Africa. After they won the battle in north Africa, their next plan was to attack Sicily and then go through Europe's "soft underbelly". The allies landed in three different spots in southern Europe. There were too many allied troops so eventually they surrendered and the allies won.
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References:
Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias,. 'Operation Torch'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Island Hopping
The Japanese had many islands in the Pacific Ocean. The allies plan was not to attack all the islands at first, but attack the islands that weren't as well defended. When they got those islands they built military bases and then went to go attack the better defended islands when they got stronger.
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Operation Overlord and D-Day
D-Day was the allied invasion of Europe that started at Normandy Beach in France. Early in the morning, the allies sent out parachutist who would go behind enemy lines to try to weaken the defenses. Then the boats carrying the soldiers landed on the beach and started attacking. Eventually the allies won which started their march through Europe.
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References:
Historylink101.com,. 'Pictures Of D-Day, Operation Overlord'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Operation Valkyrie
Operation Valkyrie was an assassination plot against Hitler. A man named Stauffenberg took a brief case with a bomb in it to a meeting with many Nazi high ranking officials. During the meeting the bomb was supposed to go off near Hitler and kill him, but the briefcase was not close enough when it exploded. Stauffenberg and three other men were arrested and shot.
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References:
Beyondbandofbrothers.com,. 'Operation Valkyrie'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Discovery of Majdanek
On July 24, Soviet troops arrived in Poland. They found the concentration camp Majdanek. Everyone from the camp was evacuated west away from the Soviets and the camp was burned to try to hide it, but you could still see the remnants of what used to be there. This discovery confirmed the rumors they heard about the camps the Nazis had.
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References:
Furtherglory.wordpress.com,. 'USHMM | Scrapbookpages Blog'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Battle of the Bulge
The Germans knew the allies were attacking from the east and the west so they decided to do a counterattack. They surprised the allies in Belgium and pushed them back causing a triangular bulge on the line. Foggy skies prevented the allies from doing airstrikes. Finally, the skies cleared up and the allies attacked them and won the battle.
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References:
Angelfire.com,. 'Battle Of The Bulge Pictures'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Hitler’s Suicide
The Germans knew they would lose the war. After figuring this out, Hitler went down to his bunker 55 feet below the surface. He married his wife in the bunker and 2 days later him, his wife and his dogs took cyanide capsules and Hitler shot himself
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References:
Barclay, Shelly, and Shelly Barclay. 'Operation Myth: The Soviet Union's Investigation Of Adolf Hilter's Death - Historic Mysteries'. Historic Mysteries. N.p., 2010. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
V-E Day
May 8th was the day that Germany finally surrendered to the allies in Europe. Many countries celebrated after they heard the news that the Germans had finally surrendered.
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References:
Zer0.org,. 'New York City, May 8 1945'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
On August 6th, an American bomber plane dropped the first atomic bomb onto the city of Hiroshima. It destroyed 90 percent of the city and killed about 120,000 people. Three days later, the Americans dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, killing about 40,000 people.
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References:
Teachinghistory.org,. 'The Atomic Bomb: Hiroshima And Nagasaki | Teachinghistory.Org'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
V-J Day
After the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Japanese surrendered to the Americans. This officially ended World War II.
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References:
Munger, Frank, and View . 'Oak Ridge Celebrates V-J Day And More'. Atomic City Underground. N.p., 2010. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
The Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg Trials were the trials for 24 high ranking Nazi officials. They were faced with charges against humanity, crimes of war, and crimes against peace. Many were sentenced to death, many more were put in prison, and many killed themselves.
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References:
Nuremberg.law.harvard.edu,. 'Nuremberg Trials Project -- Introduction'. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
The Japanese War Crime Trials
The Japanese War Crime Trials was a trial for 28 high ranking Japanese officials who had been accused of crimes of war and crimes against humanity. 25/28 of the officials were found guilty and many were put in prison or executed.
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References:
Linder, Doug. 'Tokyo War Crimes Trials (1946-48): Bibliography And Selectedlinks'. Law2.umkc.edu. N.p., 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. -
The Beginning of the Cold War
Even though the Russians and Americans were allies during WWII, the tension between the two countries increased. Each country resented one another and did not trust the other country.This formed a hostile atmosphere which created the Cold War between the two countries
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References:
China Hearsay,. 'A US-China M&A Cold War? Not So Fast'. N.p., 2011. Web. 16 Feb. 2015.
