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Benito Mussolini-Italy
-Fascism was an authoritarian political movement that developed in Italy and the other Europeans countries after 1919
-Fascist program emphasized intense nationalism, productism, anti socialism, elitism and the need for a strong leader Mussolini -
Joseph Stalin-USSR
-Joseph Stalin was a powerful communist leader in the early years of the soviet union. He was a dictator who terrorized the population and send many people to prison and labor camps
-One of the communist leaders greatest task was collectivize farming. Stalin created a state-owned farms
-While Stalin was the leader he steadily increased his power. Many of his enemies were shot or sent to Siberia -
Japanese Expanision
-Japanese expansion in East Asia began in 1931 with the invasion of Manchuria and continued in 1937 with a brutal attack on China. On September 27, 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy.
Then the US had stopped trade with these Japanese which led them to attack the US and British forces in Asia, and shortly after the Japanese had dropped a bomb on Pearl Harbor leading to the US declaring war on Japanese and joining war -
Adolph Hitler-Germany
-A dictatorship requires one person and on party to be in control of a nation
-Personal freedom disappear in Nazi Germany
-Hitler ask Hinderburg to grant him emergency power in view of the "Communist takeover" -
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Advance Technology in WWII
-Torpedoes were used to destroy submarines and ships from long distance because bullets couldnt go far and do a lot of damage
-bombing raids were used to destroy anything in a certain area, such as factories that produce military equipment in WWII
-wolf packs were German submarines that had mass-attack tactics against convoys. a group of ships warships and submarines that attack a certain target all at once -
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axis power of WWII
-the axis power of WWII were Germany, Italy and Japan. this was originally between Germany and Italy by binding Rome and Berlin. the reason for the Germans started thw war since Hitler had came into power and felt that the Germans deserved better than what the treaty left them with then Italy had joined because the Fascist leader Mussolini was spread Fascism throughout Europe and Japan had joined because they were already invading China and they wanted to push their expansion further -
German Expansion
-The German invasion of Western Poland on 1 September 1939 led to WWII. Between 1939 and 1941 the German army invaded and occupied many countries, including the Netherlands, Belhuim, Luxemboug, France, Denmark, Norway and Western Poland led both Britain and France to declare war on Germany, and then began the war, because German invasions continued more of the countries declared war on the Germans and their allies which caused a international response of war -
George Marshall
-Throughout the war, general George C. Marshall (1880-1959) acted as chief of staff and the the organizer of victory. He worked closely with President Roosevelt to urge military preparedness before Pearl Harbor. built up and supplied an army of 8 million men, and later helped to oversee the creation of the first atomic bomb -
Rationing
-Rationing is controlled distribution of scarce resources and goods
-Rationing items were gasoline, tires, meat, butter and jellies
-People had to use "Rationing Goods" which were issued to each family based on its size -
M1 Semi Automatic Rifle & Radar
M1
-The design of the M1 allowed the Americans to fire more shots against their German and Japanese counter parts
Radar
-Battles were won by the side that was first to spot enemy airplanes, ships, or submarines. The radar helped see hundreds of miles away even at night -
"Rosie the Riveter"
-was a cultural icon during WWII representing the women who worked in factories many who produced munitions or war supplies -
Lead Lease Program
-gave the president authority to sell lease lend, or otherwise dispose of an defense article to any nation whose defense he considered critical to that of the US
-neutrality by claiming that loans were made in the interest of nation defense, goods were not destroyed or lost in battle were to be returned or paid for
-it allowed the US to provide its allies with aid in the form of tanks, ammunition and construction supplies -
Women in the Military
-WACS- Women Army Corps
-auxiliary unit
-women were doing office things while men in the office were shipped over seas to fight
-the women did paperwork, supply food, telegram, etc
-WAVES- Women Accepted For Volunteer Emergency Service in the Navy
-at rge end of WWII the women couldnt stay in the navy -
War Bonds
-Way to remove money from circulation as well as reduce inflation
-People would buy bonds & the gov. promised to return to them w/interest after 10 yr or more
-Gov. needs the $ to pay for war equipment -
Allied powers WWII
-the allied powers of the war were Great Britin, France, The Soviet Union. the US, and China. Great Britin, France had allied together after the German unvasion of Poland, the Soviet Union joined in June 1941 ro gain influence in Europe, China joined after the invasion of Manchuria, and the US had joined because of the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor -
Pearl Harbor
-The Japanese Royal Navy launched a surprise attack against the Americans and militant personal
-Destroyed 18 ships and 32 airplanes
-Roosevelts famous day of infamy speech was a response to the attack -
Bataan Death March
-The Bataan Death March happened after the US surrendered of the Bataan Peninsula it affected the war tide in favor of the axis powers. Allied prisoners were forced to march 65 miles to prison camps, where thousands died from disease, mistreatment and starvation -
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US Office Of War Information
-responsibilities: production of pro-allied, anti axis propaganda, such as movies and posters, to make citizens aware of how that could help in the war effort
-activities: the OWI produced its own radio, programs, released its own newsreels and required that all moves produced during the war contribute in same way to war effort -
Battle of Midway
-The battle of Midway pushed the war tide in favor of the allied powers since if was one of the most decisive US Victories against Japan
-The US inflicted permanent damage on the Japanese Navy
*this was the turning pain of US against Japan -
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Island hopping
Island hopping was effecting the tidein favor of the allied powers b/c they kept pushing Japanese forces out of the Islands, through the offensive against the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Archipelago which had marked the begining if "Island Hopping" fought between August 1942 & February 1943, eventually succeed in forcing Japan to relinquish the islands -
Victory Garden
-as part of the war effort, the government rationed food like sugar, butter, milk, cheese, eggs, coffee, meat, and canned goods
-the government turned to its citizens and encouraged them to plant "victory gardens" -
Higgins Boats
-Higgins boat were landing craft used extensively in amphibious landing WWII. the crafts were design by Andrew Higgins based on boats made for operations in swamps or marshes -
Chester W. Nimitz
-was leading the US army authority on submarines
-he was the US last surviving officer who ranked as a fleet admiral
-admiral Chester was appointed commander in chief of the US Pacific fleet just after Pearl Harbor
-He commanded US forces at the Battle of Midway
-this battle halted the Japanese advance in the Pacific -
Isoroku Yamamato
-Japanese Marshal Admiral commander in chief of the combined fleet
-played a vital role (executed the surprise attack" in Pearl Harbor which made Japan victorious -
Bernard Montgomery
-senior British Army Officer in the African & European war
-commanded the British 8th Army & 21st Army during the Euro Campaign
-was over all British Troops on June 6 1944 "D-Day" -
Douglas MacAuthor
-Americans 5 Star General and field Marshal of the Philippine Army
-MacAuthor was Chief of Staff during WWII
-led the US Army in "Island Hopping" in the South West Pacific Campaign -
Erwin Rommel
-field marshal
-germans most popular generals durning WWII
-on "d-day" he discussed with other officers about surrendering
-due on his ties to plot to overthrow Hitler he was murdered -
Executive Order 9066
-the document ordered the removal of resident enemy from parts of the west
-after bombing Pearl Harbor by the Japanese in 1941 Roosevelt came under increase pressure by military and political -
Omar Bradley
-was a senior officer of the US Army
-he was in service in North America and Western Europe during WWII
-he then became general of the 1st American Army to land in France -
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Liberation of Concentration Camps
-Push toward the victory for the allies because they were slowly starting to shut down Hitlers operation on the Nazi take over
-The soviets were the first forces to reach a concentration camp Majdenek near Lubin , Poland, due to the rapid soviet advance, The Germans had burned the camp but the gas chambers were left standing
-The Soviets also over ran the sites of the Belzec, Sobibor, Treldinta, and Auschwits, the largest concentration camp -
Korematsu vs US
-Fred Korematsu a Japanese US citizen refused to leave his home in San Leandro, CA
-court decided the nations security concern out weighed the constitutions promise of equal rights
-the executive order 9066 banned Japanese alien and non-alien from the US
-50 years later it was over turned by congress and an apology was given -
Potsdam Conference
-participants were the USSR the US and the UK
-the powers were represented by communist party Joseph Stalin, prime minister Winston Churchill, and President Harry Truman
-gathered to decide how to punish Germany
-on July 25 Truman Churchill Chiang Kai Shek issued the position declaration which outlined the terms of surrender of Japan
-broke Germany into 3 different parts -
Nuclear Weapon
-President Harry Truman decided to use the Atomic Bomb against Japan. after bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August Japan surrendered WWII. in which over 70 million people died when it was over -
Women and Minority
-while the men went to fight in the war the women were left to work in the factories. after the war men came back to reclaim their positions at factories but the women didnt want to give them up. spuring up the feministic movement. in the war men of color fought along side white men for the first time. when they got back from the war they were treated with the same racial slurs. sparking the civil rights movements. -
The US & European Countries (WWII End Results)
-in the US the war happened after the Great Depression 30% unemployment was cut down to less than 5% after the employment boost due to the war. European countries were left to rebuild and the US lended money to countries and Germany was the onlu country to fully pay it back in 1990 -
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Multiple fronts fought by the US
-The US had fought a few fronts during WWII like the Atlantic Front, The Pacific Front, The European Front, and The Home Front. These fronts had pushed the war in a good way for the allies because the US was equipped to produce mass war supply for