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FRANCIS PEGAHMAGABOW AND FIRST NATIONS SOLDIERS (+1)
Canadians slowly began to allow Indigenous peoples and people of colour to enlist and women to help serve as nurses. Like Pegahmagabow, an Indigenous man who lasted through the entire war and eventually became the most decorated Indigenous soldier in Canadian history with 378 sniper kills. Cultural Change (+1) -
WOMEN IN THE WORKFORCE
During WWI, women began to be employed in the workforce, temporarily replacing men in sectors of the economy. This gave women the chance to prove that they are caple of working in the same jobs as men and that they are also considered persons. These women worked as overseas nurses, in aircraft factories and machine shops. Political Change (+2) -
WAR ARTISTS (+2)
War artists captured the stories of Canada and also the history of Canada during WW1. The First World War provided opportunities for Canadian photographers and painters to refine their abilities and recognize their names. This was an advancement for Canada because it explains how, while the war generated uncertainty and tension, many jobs were also opened up. Economic and Social Change (+2) -
BATTLE OF YPRES (-1)
The Battle of Ypres. Canada's first major battle at Ypres had created a decline. About one-third of 6,000 soldiers were killed, injured or taken captive since it was the first time that chlorine fumes were used to attack. Social change (-1) -
JEREMIAH JONES AND BLACK CANADIAN SOLDIERS (+2)
Among the 16 black soldiers assigned to the Royal Canadian Regiment during the Battle of Vimy Ridge in April of 1917, Jeremiah Jones rescued his unit from an enemy machine gun nest in what was to become a battle that is now known as Canada's greatest success and source of great national pride. Jones' action was heroic. He had contributed to one of Canada's greatest victories in World War I. Cultural change (+2) -
BATTLE OF VIMY RIDGE (+2)
On Easter Monday, 1917, Canada's Greatest victory had occurred as all four Canadian divisions fought together for the first time taking vital strategic ridge to take down the divisions of Germany in only a few hours. The Battle of Vimy Ridge deeply showed what Canada was capable of. This battle was Canada's most honoured victory. Social Change (+2) -
CONSCRIPTION (-1)
Conscription in Canada was placed so that Canadian men between 20 and 45 had to apply to the military. This was needed because not enough men were applying and they needed more soldiers. Conscription showed a decline in the progress of Canada because the rights of Canadians were stripped away. They did not have the option to chose whether they wanted to be apart of the army at war or not. Social change (-1) -
HALIFAX EXPLOSION (-2)
When two ships collided in the port of Halifax on 6 December 1917, one was an ammunition ship carrying bombs bound for the war. Before the detonation of the first atomic bombs in 1945, what followed was one of the biggest human-made explosions. With the explosion and ensuing waves, the north end of Halifax was washed out. Nearly 2,000 people have died, 9,000 have been maimed or blinded, and many more than have been left without proper shelter. Economic and Political Change (-2) -
MAE BELLE SAMPSON (+2)
Medical care was needed during the war, so many women landed jobs as nurses. Pictures and news of nurses working tirelessly at the front and risking their lives helped to alter the notions of women as frail, weak creatures for some Canadians. The first nurse in the Hamilton area to volunteer for service overseas was Mae Belle Sampson. For Canada, this was important change because it was the beginning of gender equality. Social Change (+2) -
THE END OF WWI (+2)
On November 11, 1918, the first world war had finally come to an end. This made tremendous progress for Canada because we became more of a dependant country and Canada won a separate signature on the Peace Treaty.
Political change (+2)
