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1291
The Crusades
The crusades were a series of religious wars. It was between Muslims and Christians and they fought over holy land like Jerusalem. People were told if they fought in the crusades they would be allowed in heaven, they were known as indulgences. Trade increased between countries in the middle east and the Europeans -
1400
The Black Death
It was known as The Bubonic Plague and it killed nearly 25 million people. The disease was spread all through out europe. It was transmitted by rats on boats and the fleas on the boat. This disease killed so many people in Europe that workers were needed and they could get the wages they desired and that caused a merchant society. -
Period: 1400 to
Beginnings To Exploration
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1475
Reformation
The catholic church had become corrupt and started selling indulgences. People relied on what the church officials would tell them was true. They were ignorant to an extent. Most of the population was uneducated. Many people started questioning the church and it began changing. More people became literate. Different religions branched out during this time. -
Aug 3, 1492
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus was an Italian navigator, he believed the shortest route to Asia was by going West. He was aware that the earth was round. He believed the earth was 25% smaller than it actually was. He 4 main voyages and on his first he discovered Cuba and Hispaniola.He later returned with 1,000 Spaniards to colonize. He didn't manage the colony and was sent home as a criminal. On his 4th voyage he reached central America and later returned to Spain and died believing he reached Asia. -
Jul 7, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
The treaty of Tordesillas was a treaty between Spain and Portugal. It was used to divide newly found land outside of Europe. It was written by the Pope Alexander VI. Spain was given possession of the territory west of the line that was established and Portugal possessed the territory east of the line. -
1519
Conquest of The New World
Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs by allying with their enemies. Aztecs give Cortes what he had been searching for believing he was a God. Europeans had an advantage because they had diseases that the natives weren't immune to, they had horses which moved faster than foot and also they had weapons. Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca empire. The Inca were on a decline, his conquest was similar to Cortes'. -
Roanoke
It is known as the lost colony since when people went searching for the people and the settlements but didn't find traces of anyone. To this day it is unknown how they went missing. There was a carving in a tree that read "CROATOAN" but nobody knows what it could mean. People speculate that Croatoan is a native american tribe. -
English Colonization
England was one of the last few countries to colonize in the new world since they were having dynastic issues. They were too busy with their conquest in Ireland. Spain had dominance over the seas and Britain didn't have a strong navy at the time. W -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
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Plymouth Colony
The Puritans who were also known as the Pilgrims came to the New World to flee corruption. They were known as reformers and didn't want their children to become corrupt also. They sailed on the Mayflower and made a social contract named "The Mayflower Compact". It also legally made them a colony. It was difficult for them to get used to the way of life. They met a native american named Squanto and he was their translator and Go-In-Between. -
New England Economy
The New England colonies relied on fishing for their income. They made profit from ship building since they were near natural ports. They would trade in the new world and the "old" world. They were tolerant of other religions. -
Caribbean Colonies
Sugar was the most important crop in the Caribbean, Europeans loved sugar. Spain, France, England and Holland had colonies in the region. The population was approximately 49,000. Barbados was much farther south and was mainly island labor. The slaves outnumbered the whites. In Barbados the population was 26,000. -
The Enlightenment
Colonists started learning about reason and science. Science was no longer superstition but considered normal thinking, the people began questioning pre-conceived nations and the bible. Many people before the enlightenment did not know much about what was occurring since they couldn't read. -
Navigation Acts
A series of acts passed by the English Parliament, they were established to regulate trade and to allow England to collect taxes from the colonies. They were used to allow England to profit from the colonies. The colonies sent raw materials and Britain sent back industrialized goods with tariffs on them. -
Carolinas
King Charles II gave the land to 8 noble men to establish colonies in the new world. The Carolina's were used as buffer colonies, to establish the British presence near the Spanish colony's of present day Florida. They were also used to grow crops and make money for the mother country. -
Lower South
Slavery in the lower south was more harsh than in the upper south , for example in colony's like the Carolinas. 2/3 of the population were slaves. Rice became the staple crop in this region. African heritage was preserved in the lower south than in the upper south. -
Slavery
Slaves were transported through the Atlantic slave trade and they had inner African slave trade occurring in Africa. They were used as a new source of labor and the need for slaves increased in the 1600s. The south had the most slaves but a lot of people living in the south didn't actually have slaves. -
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania was a proprietary colony given to William Penn, by King Charles II since the king owed Penn. He established it as a haven for the Quakers, but would allow people of any religion to be able to practice their religion without fearing consequences. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials were caused because various girls in Salem Massachusetts acting claimed to be possessed and accused women of witch craft. Dozens were killed during these trial because they were believed to be witches. -
Period: to
Colonial America To 1763
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First Police Forces
The development of U.S. policing followed after British policing. The police force was made of volunteers who primarily warned others of dangers. Many states then created a night watch but it wasn't effective since the watchmen slept and drank while on duty. Some people were simply forced to serve for their state. -
The First Great Awakening
The spread of separation of church and state. John Edwards established a consumer oriented society. People were scared into believing in religions. Many elite universities were founded during the first Great Awakening. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
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Treaty of 1763
This Treaty of Paris was the treaty that ended the French and Indian war. France gave up all f the territories in north america and ended military threats to the British colonies. It was so expensive and was the reason why the colonies got taxed in the first place. -
French and Indian War
England, Spain and France all fought in the war, Indians supported the French. They fought over territory, the British colonies wanted to expand westward and desired the Ohio river valley. Britain sent a militia/ army. Quebec and Montreal both fall. Treaty of Paris 1763 ends the war, the British also sign a treaty with the natives but don not honor it. Britain earns control Canada. -
Revenue Act/ Sugar Act
It was a tax on sugar and molasses. It was the first tax imposed on the colonists and they will resist against it. They voiced their displeasure about the tariff. They challenged parliament through petitions. The army would search private property without warrants. -
Boston Massacre
The Boston massacre was an event leading up to the american revolution where Bostonian's harassed British soldiers and the soldiers accidentally shot into the crowd of colonists. Paul Revere creates a fictitious account. Parliament later repealed the Townshend act. -
Boston Tea Party
The Sons of Liberty made a drunk decision and decided to dress up as Native Americans and throw British tea overboard into the harbor of Boston. The threw 340 chests of tea into the ocean. The East India company had the monopoly on tea trade and that lowered the price of tea for the colonies. -
Iron Plow
Jethro Wood was the inventor of the iron plow. The plow is used to loosen and turn the soil and prepare the land for growing crops. Many people used animals to pull the plow through the soil. It made it faster and more efficient to plow the soil, instead of having to do it by hand. -
The Declaration of Independence
The declaration of independence was the actual document written by Thomas Jefferson that would officially tell Britain and other countries that the colonies no longer pertained to Britain. It was completed on the 2nd of July but not signed until the 4th of July. It mentioned the grievances against Britain and did not bash monarchy's in general since the colonies were in search for allies. -
War In The North
The British realize that the colonists were not push overs. The British changes their tactics used against the colonist. They prepared for a long campaign, they retreat to New York, They wanted to cut off New England from the colonies since they were the colonies receiving goods from England. The British were overconfident during while in New York City, they spent Christmas at war with a foreign country. -
Battle of Saratoga
At the battle of Saratoga, America had a major victory, it denied the British from merging armies. The French will begin to support the American effort. France will send troops and their navy to help the settlers. France also provided financial support to the colonies. -
Articles of Confederation
It was the first form of government in the United States. It was considered weak since it didn't have a central government. They couldn't enforce federal taxes since the states had more power than the federal government. The Articles were tested by Shay's Rebellion and their ability to not handle it with ease made the founding fathers realize they had to change it. -
Period: to
The Constitution
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Treaty of Paris
The treaty ended the revolutionary war. Britain recognizes the colonies as a free and independent country. Britain allowed the colonists to have fishing rights in the Atlantic ocean. Both nations were allowed access to the Mississippi River. The U.S receives frontier land to the Mississippi River -
Shay's Rebellion
It was a post war recession led by Daniel Shay and followed by farmers. Farms were seized and it led to angry farmers who rebelled against their government. It created a sense of urgency of a new form of government. It proved the articles of confederation were too weak. -
Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, The most conflicting issue was slavery, how to count the slaves. The 3/5 compromise settled the issue each slave was counted as 3/5 of a person. The northern states were anti-slavery while the south was pro-slavery. -
Virginia Plan
The Virginia plan wanted to abandon the articles of confederation and replace it with a strong central government. It favored the large, populated states. They wanted a 2 house legislature, the lower house being voted by the people and the upper hose being voted by the lower house. -
New Jersey Plan
They wanted a modified version of the Articles of confederation. They wanted a single legislature. They decided for a legislature which made the decisions and an executive elected by congress. They didn't want a powerful judiciary. They favored the smaller states. -
Northwest Ordinance
The northwest ordinance was a system that helped new states be admitted into the United States. The state would have to have at least 5,000 people, and reject slavery. It also helped with the admission for future states. -
Great Compromise
Set the precedent of our modern day congress. Settled on a bicameral legislature. The house of representatives is based on the population of the state, while the senate gives each state 2 votes. -
Period: to
New Republic
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Election of 1789
The candidates for the election were George Washington and John Adams. Political parties had not been created during this time. George Washington won the election and John Adams became his vice president. Washington won unanimously since he was known for his success during the revolutionary war as a war general. -
Free Black Communities
They were communities for free African Americans or ex-slaves that became free. Many people believed they didn't deserve to be free. The communities struggled to establish their organizations and institutions because they were looked down upon. Many formers slaves were leaders at churches, schools and educational associations. -
Whiskey Rebelion
The rebellion was caused because the federal government imposed its first tax on liquor which upset the farmers and they resisted. The rebellion was in western Pennsylvania and was quickly put down since there was a strong central government. It established a federal authority that the federal government didn't have during the articles of confederation. It tested how the constitution worked in favor of the central government. -
Cotton Gin
It helped increase the production of cotton and also made it more efficient to produce. The machine was able to pull out the seeds from the cotton and makes it easier to process. It processed cotton goods such as linens and textiles like clothing. The large production of cotton increased the need for slaves. -
Jay's Treaty
It was a treaty written by John Jay that settled the issues between Britain and the United States of America that hadn't been resolved. Many Republicans like Thomas Jefferson were outraged since it didn't help the states remain neutral in foreign affairs. One of the major issues was the British troops that remained in American forts. -
Pickney's Treaty
It is also known as the treaty of San Lorenzo or the treaty of Madrid. It was signed on October 27, 1795. It established peace between Spain and the United States. It also defined the boundaries of the U.S., they were divided among the 31 latitude line. It allowed the U.S. to use the Mississippi River. It was a foreign success for the states because they were on good terms with a big country like Spain. -
XYZ Affair
The XYZ affair was an incident where diplomatic issues occurred between France and the United States. It led to a war on the ocean. The French didn't like Jay's treaty since they believed it violated previous affairs between the U.S. and France. George Washington sent a U.S. minister to try and resolve the issues. France also wanted a bribe and a loan but the colonist denied. The affair is called XYZ because the names of the actual diplomats in unknown and are known as X Y and Z. -
Kentucky Resolutions
The Kentucky Resolutions were political statements made to the legislatures of Kentucky decided the alien and sedition acts were considered unconstitutional. Since Federalists were the majority in congress they decided the acts were unconstitutional since it violated the right of the reserved powers of the states. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
They were a set of 4 bills passed by Congress and President John Adams in 1798. It made it difficult for immigrants to become citizens and easier for the president to imprison and deport people who aren't citizens. They could also criminalize people who bad mouthed the president and/or congress. They were passed during the undeclared naval war. -
Tenements
Tenements are narrow, low-rise apartment buildings in which poorer families housed in when they immigrated to the United States. New York is where the most people stayed and 2/3 of the population lived in tenements. They were first single-family residence but then changed into multiple apartment building tenements. -
Period: to
Age Of Jefferson
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Embargo Act of 1807
It was a law passed by Congress and signed by President Thomas Jefferson. It prohibited American ships to trade in all foreign ports. The British and French started seizing American ships. The British started taking American men and made them work on British ships also known as impressment. This was one of the many events leading up to the war of 1812 -
War of 1812
The United States went up against the country with the most powerful navy. The cause of the war was that Britain would limit U.S. trade, they would take American sailors and make them work for the British navy. The British during their attacks burned the American Capital in Washington D.C. in August 1814. The war was declared over after the treaty of Ghent in 1815 -
Hartford Convention
The Hartford Convention was several secret gatherings for 3 weeks in Hartford Connecticut where the New England Federalists united to discuss the war and political problems that had been occurring in America. Many of them disliked president James Maddison. New England asked for the federal government to help financially to help their trade grow. -
Battle of New Orleans
The battle was the last major battle of the war of 1812. The war had officially ended before the battle but the armies didn't receive the news soon enough. Andrew Jackson was the major general for the Americans. It was an american victory and helped prevetn british invasions on the american fronteir. -
Period: to
The American Revolution
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Panic of 1819
The panic of 1819 was the first economic depression and one of the worst recessions in US history. Homes and farms were foreclosed and most people were affected. the causes were that banks were giving loans without checking anything, just giving out money. The war of 1812 impacted the economy enormously and as the country expanded westward the economy was getting worse. -
Adams- Onis Treaty
It was the treaty in which the united states received Florida. The treaty was negotiated by Luis de Onis, a Spanish minister and the secretary of state John Quincy Adams. Spain gave up the land east of the Mississippi River and the Oregon territory. The treaty was important because it gave us the rest of the Pacific coast. -
Temperance Movement
The temperance movement was to abstain alcohol. During the time alcohol was at an all-time high and people would drink all day. The natives didn't know what it was but when they found out they couldn't stop drinking. After the temperance movement, the consumption of alcohol dramatically decreased. Some states even banned hte liquor completely. -
Second Great Awakening
The second great awakening was a religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement.There were other reform movements such as temperance, abolition, and women's rights also grew -
Period: to
Cultural Changes
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Period: to
Age Of Jackson
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Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe doctrine was a U.S. written towards European nations warning them that America would no longer allow them to colonize in North America. If there were issues in the western hemisphere they would be for the United States to deal with. Since the U.S wouldn't get involved with European issues Monroe believed they shouldn't get involved in their issues. -
Election of 1824
The 2 candidates were Andrew Jackson who was a Republican and John Quincy Adams who was a Whig. Jackson had been a military general during the war of 1812. Neither candidate won the majority of electoral votes they house of representatives had the final say. John Quincy Adams won the election but many people believe that Henry Clay convinced Congress to vote for Adams which Jackson supporters called the Corrupt Bargain. -
Election of 1828
Jackson and the Democratic Party accused John Quincy Adams of engaging in a corrupt bargain in order to ensure his victory in the election of 1824. President Adams responded with a campaign that focused on Andrew Jackson's military career and personal life. They made personal attacks to opposite parties. Andrew Jackson won the popular and electoral votes. -
Eastern State Penitentiary
The penitentiary refined the revolutionary system of separate incarceration first pioneered at the Walnut Street Jail which emphasized principles of reform rather than punishment. The building was the largest and most expensive public structure ever erected in the United States. -
Indian Removal Act
The Indian Removal Act was passed by President Andrew Jackson, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. During the fall and winter of 1838 and 1839, the Cherokees were forcibly moved west by the United States government. Approximately 4,000 Cherokees died on their way there and it became known as the "Trail of Tears." -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
It is considered one of the largest rebellions in American history and also one of the most violent, leaving approximately 65 dead. The leader of the rebellion was Nat Turner.The revolt started by him and 6 other slaves murdering the Travis Family. Afterwards, they had access to horses and weapons and with 75 other slaves, they killed 51 people. -
Tariff Act of 1832
The Tariff of 1832 was a protective tariff that was passed on July 14, 1832, to reduced the existing tariffs as a solution for the conflict created by the 1828 tax referred to as the Tariff of Abominations. The effects of the Tariff of 1832 was a compromise but failed to pacify Southerners leading to the Nullification Crisis. -
Election of 1832
It was the first time that the respected parties would hold nominating conventions. It also included, for the first time, the introduction of a third party, the Anti-Masons. President Andrew Jackson easily wins re-election against Henry Clay of Kentucky. One of the main debates during the election was the national bank of the united states. -
American Anti-Slavery Society
The American Anti-Slavery Society was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this society who often spoke at its meetings. William Wells Brown was also a freed slave who often spoke at meetings. By 1838, the society had 1,350 local charters with around 250,000 members. -
New York Female Reform Society
The New York Female Reform Society was established in 1834 under the female leadership of Lydia A. Finney. It was created for to prevent prostitution in the early 19th century New York. Many organizations were created during this time to eliminate prostitution and the sexual double standard and to also encourage sexual abstinence. -
Election of 1836
Martin Van Buren was the personal choice of Andrew Jackson and faced no opposition for the Democratic nomination. Martin Van Buren had a total of 170 electoral votes. Van Buren lacked Jackson’s personal charisma, he was considered a skilled politician William H. Harrison was the 2nd most popular candidate and he was a whig. -
Battle of San Jacinto
The Battle of San Jacinto, fought in present-day Harris County, Texas, was the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. Led by General Sam Houston, the Texian Army engaged and defeated General Antonio López de Santa Anna's Mexican army in a fight that lasted just 18 minutes. 630 Mexicans were killed and 730 were taken prisoners. -
Panic of 1837
President Jackson's policies caused the financial crisis and Van Buren was blamed for it. He was given the name Martin Van RUIN. The crisis in the United States that started a major recession that lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up. It set off a series of bank failured as well -
Election of 1844
The United States presidential election of 1844 the Democrat James K. Polk defeated Whig Henry Clay in a close contest that turned on foreign policy, with Polk favoring the annexation of Texas and Clay opposed. Polk believed he only had to serve one term to accomplish his goal and if he didn't he would be a failure of a president. -
Telegraph
Samuel Morse developed the telegraph to allow faster forms of communication. He also created the morse code as the "language" used to communicate with the telegraph. Samuel sent his first message from Washington D.C. to Baltimore in 1844. It allowed news to travel faster and was more efficient than writting letters. -
Period: to
Westward Expansion
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Annexation of Texas
In 1845, the Republic of Texas voluntarily asked to become a part of the United States, and the government of the United States agreed to annex the nation. Abolitionists argued that the annexation would increase the power of slave states in the U.S. The British, still a powerful empire, did much trading with Texas. -
Battle of Palo Alto
General Zachary Taylor defeated Mexican forces in the Battle of Palo Alto. The battle took place north of the Rio Grande River near present-day Brownsville, Texas. Taylor’s victory, along with a series of subsequent victories against the Mexicans, made him a war hero. In 1848, he was elected America’s 12th president. -
Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Proviso proposed an American law to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War. It provided an appropriation of $2 million to enable President Polk to negotiate a territorial settlement with Mexico. The proposed amendment narrowly passed through the House of Representatives and was then defeated in the Senate. -
Mormons
They were victims of discrimination by other groups and the founder of the Mormons Joseph Young was killed by an angry mob. They unanimously agreed to move away they settled in the Salt Lake Valley in Utah. They traveled on horseback or in wagons pulled by oxen and it took about 3 months. 3.5 percent of the Mormons died on their way to Utah. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The war officially ended with the signing of the treaty in Mexico. The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. It entitled the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic -
Senecca Falls Convention
The first ever women's rights convention in the United States and almost 200 women attended and supported. The convention was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton who were also abolitionists and actually met at an anti-slavery convention. It became historc because of the 'Declaration of Sentiments,' which demanded equal social status and legal rights for women, including the right to vote. -
Election of 1848
The Free-Soil Party played in the election of 1848 was that it won 10% of the vote by utilizing it's antislavery platform. It was won by Zachary Taylor of the Whig Party, who ran against Lewis Cass of the Democratic Party and former President Martin Van Buren of the newly formed Free Soil Party. -
Compromise of 1850
It was a series of resolutions to try and fix the issues between North and South. As part of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C. was abolished but not in the rest of the states.The south gained by the strengthening of the fugitive slave law, the north gained a new free state, California. Texas lost territory but was compensated with 10 million dollars to pay for its debt. -
Election of 1852
The election of 1852 was the seventeenth presidential election. Franklin Pierce defeated Winfield Scott. The nominees used direct attacks on both parties. Both candidates were accused of being abolitionist and anti-Catholic.Slavery, the only real issue during this time, was avoided by both sides. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders based on popular sovereignty. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´. It helped keep the union united for a little longer than it wouldve without the act. -
Period: to
The Civil War
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Election of 1860
The Republican Party, which fielded its first candidate in 1856, as opposed to the expansion of slavery. Abraham Lincoln, the party's nominee in 1860, was seen as a moderate on slavery, but Southerners feared that his election would lead to its demise, and vowed to leave the Union if he was elected. The South was very displeased with the election of Abraham Lincoln as President -
Crittenden Compromise
The Crittenden Compromise was proposed to reinstitute the 36 30 line to the Pacific ocean and to compromise between proslavery and antislavery factions. President Lincoln shot down the compromise. It was introduced by United States Senator John J. Crittenden. It was an attempt to prevent the secession of southern states and avoid the Civil War. -
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter is a fort in Charleston, South Carolina, known for two battles of the American Civil War. Confederate guns around the harbor opened fire on Fort Sumter. The commander surrendered the fort and was evacuated the next day. The Union would not recapture Fort Sumter for nearly four years. 75,000 men were called on to put down the rebellion. Lincoln declared south in a state of insurrection. -
Trent Affair
The Trent Affair was a diplomatic incident in 1861 during the American Civil War that threatened a war between the United States and the United Kingdom. The U.S. Navy illegally captured two Confederate diplomats from a British ship; the UK protested vigorously. The United States closed the incident by releasing the diplomats. -
Emancipation Proclamation
President Abraham Lincoln carefully framed the conflict as concerning the preservation of the Union rather than the abolition of slavery. After the Union victory at Antietam, he issued a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that as of January 1, 1863, all slaves in the rebellious states would be free. While the Emancipation Proclamation did not free a single slave, it was an important turning point in the war, changing the fight to preserve the nation into a battle against slavery. -
Twenty Negro Law
It was a law that was written to allow black slaves to fight int he civil war. The law specifically exempted from Confederate military service one white man for every twenty slaves owned on a Confederate plantation, or for two or more plantations within five miles of each other that collectively had twenty or more slaves. -
Gettysburg Address
President Abraham Lincoln was invited to deliver remarks, which later became known as the Gettysburg Address, at the official dedication ceremony for the National Cemetery of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania, on the site of one of the bloodiest and most decisive battles of the Civil War. In Lincoln’s address would be remembered as one of the most important speeches in American history. -
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
A component of President Lincoln's preliminary plans for the postwar reconstruction of the South, this proclamation decreed that a state in rebellion against the U.S. federal government could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of the 1860 vote count from that state had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. -
Election of 1864
Abraham Lincoln defeated Democrat George B. McClellan during the election. Lincoln himself feared he would lose.Lincoln won the popular vote that eluded him in his first election. He won the electoral college by 212 to 21 and the Republicans had won three-fourths of Congress. A second term and the power to conclude the war were now in his hands. -
40 Acres and a Mule
Forty acres and a mule refers to a promise made in the United States for agrarian reform for former enslaved black farmers by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman. 40 Acres and a Mule Would Be at Least $6.4 Trillion in today's money. The phrase “forty acres and a mule” evokes the Federal government's failure to redistribute land after the Civil War. -
Appomattox Courthouse
near the town of Appomattox Court House, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his Army of Northern Virginia to Union General Ulysses S. Grant. and resulting in the Battle of Appomattox Court House, which lasted only a few hours, effectively brought the four-year Civil War to an end. -
Lincoln's Assassination
Shortly after 10 p.m. on April 14, 1865, actor, John Wilkes Booth entered the presidential box at Ford's Theatre in Washington D.C. and fatally shot President Abraham Lincoln. As Lincoln slumped forward in his seat, Booth leaped onto the stage and escaped through the back door. Lincoln didn't die at the theater nonetheless he died in his home and he llasted through out the night. -
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was a lawyer who then became America's 16th president. He led America though it's civil war and was "great emancipator". He is known for various famous speeches like the Emancipation Proclamation and the Gettysburg Address. He is also known for passing the 13th amendment. He was hated by many people mostly southerners who wanted to keep slavery. He was assassinated by a man from the south that hated him for abolishing slavery and making it illegal, his name was John Wilkes Booth. -
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Reconstruction
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Election of 1868
United States presidential election of 1868, American presidential election held on Nov. 3, 1868, in which Republican Ulysses S. Grant defeated Democrat Horatio Seymour.By 1868, Johnson had alienated many of his constituents and had been impeached by Congress. Although Johnson kept his office, his presidency was crippled. After numerous ballots, the Democrats nominated former New York Governor Horatio Seymour to take on the Republican candidate, Civil War general Ulysses S. Grant. -
Black Friday Scandal
The U.S. financial sector descended into chaos after rebel speculators Jay Gould and Jim Fisk attempted to corner the nation’s gold market. The robber barons hoped to make a mint by driving the price of gold into the stratosphere, and to help pull it off, they built a network of corruption that extended from Wall Street and the New York City government all the way to the family of President Ulysses S. Grant. -
Enforcement Acts
The Enforcement Acts were three bills passed by the United States Congress between 1870 and 1871. They were criminal codes which protected African-Americans' right to vote, to hold office, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws. It was created to combat attacks on the suffrage rights of African Americans from state officials or violent groups like the Ku Klux Klan. -
Panic of 1873
The Panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that triggered a depression in Europe and North America that lasted from 1873 until 1879, and even longer in some countries. It is important to point out that the Panic of 1873 in the United States was part of a larger international economic depression following the Civil War -
Compromise of 1877
The Compromise of 1877 was a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. It resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and officially ended the Reconstruction Era. The outgoing president, Republican Ulysses S. Grant, removed the soldiers from Florida. As president, Hayes removed the remaining troops from South Carolina and Louisiana.
