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Creation of the Supreme Court
Put into effect by Article 3 of the Constitition of the United States of America. It is the Judicial branch of the government, and is in place to interpret the laws passed by Congress.
Judiciary Act of 1789 -
Cheif Justice John Jay
John Jay is admitted as the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, put into effect by Article 3 of the Constitution of the United States of American. He establishes the powers of the Judicial government of interpreting the laws and determining what is constitutional.
Biography of John Jay -
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Supreme Court Reign
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Chief Justice John Marshall
Appointed by John Adams, John Marshall is the Chief Justice who establishes the practice of Judicial Review.
Biography of John Marshall -
Marbury vs. Madison
Madison was a case held to the Supreme Court in the matter of whether or not a justice appointed as the final act of the previous President, was to be upheld. This is the case that establishes Judicial Review in the courts.
John Marshall's court address -
Fletcher vs. Peck
Fletcher vs. Peck was a case on the matter of solving desputes between purchasers of land who had bought land at one price set by the legislature, that was repealed a year later. This is important because it is the first time State law was overturned by Federal Courts.
Summary of case -
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward
Dartmouth College was established by a charter from the King of England. In 1816, the State tried to change the charter by making the school public and changing the trustee's duties and the way trustees were choosen. This established that corporations are protected from alteration by the States.
Case Summary -
Mccullough vs. Maryland
Concerning the Second National Bank, Maryland passed a law that collected taxes on any bank not chartered by the State. When one bank refused to pay and Maryland sued, it resulted with the Court saying the State law was unconstitution. This shows that when State and Federal law conflicts, Federal law wins.
Notes from the case -
Gibbons vs. Ogdens
The State of New York was giving rights to control waterways by steamboat to select few residents of the state. Ogden had been given rights to travel between New York and New Jersey, and when Gibbons was denied rights he sued Ogden. This was the first time Federal powers of controling commerce were defined.
Proceedings of Case -
Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia
The Cherokee Nation takes the state of Georgia to the Court in an attempt to protect themselves from being forced off their homelands. The Cherokees' lose their case on the grounds that they are not a foriegn nation or citizens, and therefore cannot present a case to the Court. They are considered a "domestic dependent nation".
Chief Justice Marshall delivers verdict -
Worcester vs. Georgia
Samuel Worecester took the state of Georgia to Court for passing laws that took affect in Indian lands. The State had tried to fine Worecester for living on Indian lands without a permit from the State. The Court ruled in favor of Worecester, reaffirming for the 3rd time that the Indian tribes were "independent nations" exempt from state laws.
Chief Justice Marshall's statement -
Commonwealth vs. Hunt
The Boston Bootmaker's Union called a strike on a local manufacturer to force them to hire only union workers, and were arrested for criminal conspiracy. The Court ruled in favor of Hunt (the union), saying the strike was legal so long as they did not advocate violence or anything illegal in their forms of protesting. This was the first time the Court was in favor of labor instead of a buisness.
Cheif Justice Shaw's verdict -
Dred Scott vs. Sanford
Dred Scott was moved from Missouri to Illinois and back with his owner. Scott went to the Supreme Court with the case that his time in the free state made him a free man. The Court ruled in favor of his owner, with the largest point being that blacks were not considered people, but property. This was also a landmark case because the Chief Justice declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
Dred Scott Bio -
Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church & School v. EEOC et al
A teacher at a religious school is suing the school for firing her, on charges of violating the Americans Disability Act. This is important because it challenges the widely accepted opinion that religious institutions are exempt from discrimination cases by employees with religious duties.
