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Benjamin Mays Picture
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Benjamin Mays
- became dean at the School of Religion at Howard Universtiy
- became president at Morehouse College were he taught Martin Luther King Jr.
- remained active in social and political efforts after retiring from Morehouse College
- speaker and lecturer
- published many books and autobiographies
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Herman Talmadge Picture
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Herman Talmadge
- restructured the state highway department
- created the Georgia Forestry Commission
- provided leadership for improvements in soil conservation programs, county health departments, and the prision system
- provided leadership that for a new state constitution -expanded schools to include grades 1- 12
- segregated public school systems
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Lester Maddox Picture
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Lester Maddox
- became governor in 1967
- segregationist and restaurant owner
- surprise winner over Ellis Arnall
- he appointed African Americans to state boards and commissions
- increased spending on teacher salaries and higher education
- established "People's Days"- twice a month any Georgian could visit Maddox in his office to talk about anything
- ran for lieutentant governor in 1970 and was elected
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Martin Luther King Jr. Picture
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Martin Luther King Jr.
- developed a nonviolent approach to social change
- practiced nonviolence on the Montgomery bus boycott and called it a conflict "between justice and injustice"
- believed in four steps for civils rights in America: direct, nonviolent actions, legal remedies, ballots, and economic boycotts
- head of the SCLC in Atlanta
- held sit-ins at segregated lunch counters in department and chain stores
- moved his work to Birmingham
- awarded Noble Peace Prize in 1964
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Andrew Young Picture
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Andrew Young
- worked with SCLC
- helped organize "citizenship schools" which taught nonviolent organizing strategies
- trusted by Martin Luther King Jr. and became executive directorship in the SCLC
- elected seat in the US House of Representatives
- helped poor, working- class Americans and opposed raising the military budget
- President Jimmy Carter named Young the ambassador of the United Nations
- elected as mayor of Atlanta in 1981
- served as cochair in Atlanta 1996 Olympic Games
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Maynard Jackson Picture
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Maynard Jackson
- youngest and first African American mayor in Atlanta
- swore in as mayor in January 1974
- gave local community citizens a voice in politics
- made changes in police and fire departments and police brutality
- developed and expanded MARTA
- expanded Hartsfield International Airport to one of the busiest in the world
- supporter in the arts and brought art to the city
- secured the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta
- airport renamed Hartsfield- Jackson Atlanta International Airport
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1946 Governor's Race
Three Governors ControversyEllis Arnall's term was ending and Georgians had to elect a governor. Eugene Talmadge won the election but in poor condition. His advisors had a plan to write- in Talmadges' son, Herman, as their other choice. Shortly before Talmadge was sworn in, he died. The legislature chose Herman to be governor because they found write- ins for him after the election. Arnall chose Lieutenant Governor, Melvin Thompson to be governor. This was known as "The 3 Governors Controversy." -
Minimum Foundation Program for Education Act
-lengthened school year to 9 months
- raised standardsfor buildings, equipment,transportation, and school curricula
- added a 3% sales tax to pay for changes -
Brown v.s. Board of Education
BROWN V BOARD OF EDUCATION OVERVIEW (only have to watch to about 3:30 min.)A black student, Linda Brown, tried to enroll in an all- white school in Topeka, Kansas, but the entry was denied. Linda's father sued the Topeka Board of Education with the help of the NAACP. The Supreme Court ruled segregation in schools unconstitutional. -
State Flag
The Confederate Battle Flag was added to the Georgia state flag after being ratified by the Georgia General Assembly. It was the states' reaction to the Brown v.s. Board of Education decision to integrate schools. -
Sibley Commission
- 14 member commission directed by John Sibley
- used to study integration problem
- held hearings in Georgia to learn how the public felt about integration
- most people agreed they would rather close schools than intergrate them
- commission recommended that school systems decide if they want to follow the courts order of if they were going to close schools
- many private schools were opened to solvethe problem
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SNCC
- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
- main focus in Albany and Atlanta
- purpose was to use youth- led, nonviolent campaigning against segregation and racism
- participated in sit- ins, Freedom Rides, and the March on Washington
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SNCC: Atlanta
- Chose Atlanta as headquarters
- did sit- ins at luch counters in department stores
- June 16, 1965- Julian Bond (SNCC communications director) was elected to the 136th voting district (all black district) when they were redrawn
- Atlanta Project- aimed to increase black community "control over the public decisions which affect" their lives
- Stokely Carmichael took SNCC leadership and fired all Atlanta Project workers
- Atlanta Project ended but spirit lived on through federal programs
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Admission of Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter to UGA
- applied to UGA for the fall quarter of 1959 but were denied
- Holmes enrolled for Morehouse College instead to be a football palyer
- Attorneys Donald Hollowell, Vernon Jordan, and Horace T. Ward, who were also denied by UGA, worked for Holmes and Hunter
- on January 6, 1961, Judge Bootle said that Holmes and Hunter would have already been admitted if it weren't for their color
- riots broke out days later and Holmes and Hunter were suspended
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SNCC: Albany Movement
The Albany Movement 1961-1962SNCC formed the Albany Movement with other civil rights groups to protest the arrest of blacks who tried to integrate bus and train terminals in Albany
-many participants were arrested, including Martin Luther King Jr. -
March on Washington
History Specials: King Leads the March on Washington- 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington D.C. for Martin Luther King Jr.'s speech
- designed to describe the challenges that African Americans face for civil rights
- famous "I have a dream" speech -
Civil Rights Act
Civil Rights Act of 1964 document- President John F. Kennedy sent civil rights bill to Congress (June 1963)
- JFK didn't live to see bill become a law- assassinated in Nov. 1963
- President Lyndon B. Johnson continued Kennedy's efforts for civil rights and the bill became the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the help of black and white supporters
- made segregation of all public facilities illegal (restaurants, theaters, hotels, school, libraries, etc.)
- prohibited discrimination in businesses and labor unions
