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Beginning of the War of Independence
The War of Spanish Independence was a military conflict that took place between 1808 and 1814 within the context of the Napoleonic Wars, which pitted the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal against the First French Empire, whose aim was to install Napoleon's brother, Joseph Bonaparte, on the Spanish throne after the abdication of Bayonne. -
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Schumann
His full name was Robert Alexander Schumann.1 He was born in the German town of Zwickau, in the present-day federal state of Saxony. As a child Schumann's musical gifts were already evident. His father, a publisher, supported him and provided him with a piano teacher. At the age of seven Schumann composed his first pieces of music, and at this stage of his life he not only composed musical works, but also wrote essays and poems. -
Wagner
1813 - 1883
Wagner's works, particularly those of his late period (corresponding to his Romantic period), are notable for their contrapuntal texture, chromatic richness, harmony, orchestration, and elaborate use of leitmotifs. Wagner pioneered several advances in musical language, such as extreme chromaticism or the expansion of the harmonic cosmos through a continuous displacement of tonal centers. -
Battle of Hernani
The Battle of Hernani is the name given to the controversy and riots that occurred in 1830 around the performances of the play Hernani, a romantic drama by Victor Hugo. -
Coronación de Victoria del Reino Unido
Victoria became Queen of the British Empire on 20 June 1837 when her uncle, William IV, died. She was just 18. The coronation took place a year later at Westminster Abbey, on Thursday 28 June 1838. -
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War of the Romantics
Guerra de los románticos es un término empleado por los historiadores musicales para describir el cisma estético surgido entre músicos destacados durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. -
Third Period
It can be considered a movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century that differs from Romanticism by the orchestral exuberance and immoderation in symphonic developments, also characterized by an intense chromaticism that surpasses Richard Wagner and ends in atonality. In the post-Romantic composers we can observe the melancholy produced by the loss of the Romantic culture. The most representative composers of this style were Gustav Mahler and Richard Wagner. -
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The book of the sparrows by Bécquer.
It was published by Ramón Rodríguez Correa in 1885, outside the context of the Rhymes, in the 4th edition of Bécquer's Complete Works.