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Port Royal Experiment
Union military forces carved out an enclave around Beaufort and Port Royal, South Carolina, that remained under federal authority for the rest of the war. -
Black Codes enacted
Law passed by the Southern states, this restricted African American freedoms. -
Johnson succeeds to Presidency and starts Reconstruction
Succeeded Lincoln on December 26. He started the Reconstruction Plan which gave the South a hold on the transitioning of slavery to freedom for the African Americans. -
13th Amendment was ratified
13th Amendment ended slavery. Was Officially ratified on December 6, 1865 -
Freedmen's Bureau
Established in 1865 by Congress to help 4 million newly freed slaves through the transition from slavery to freedom. They provided medical aid, provisions, and shelter. In the summer of 1872 Congress dismantled this Bureau, because of the Pressure from the South. -
General Sherman's Special Field Order #15
This confiscated as Union property a strip of coastline stretching from Charleston, South Carolina, to the St.John's River in Florida. -
Ku Klux Klan
Founded on December 24, 1865. Is a terrorist group mainly known for its hate of black peopled. The Freedmans' Bureau agents reported 336 cases of murder or attack with intent to kill on freedmen across the state from January 1 through November 15 of 1868. They caused terror and chaos for African Americans and some whites across the nation. Which caused a major dent in the improvement of Reconstruction. -
Radical Proposals
To provide freedmen with land, Stevens introduced a bill in Congress in late 1865 to confiscate 400 million acres from the wealthiest 10 percent of southerners and distribute it free to freedmen. The remaining land would be auctioned off. -
Lincoln was assassinated
Lincoln was assassinated on April 14, 1865 at Ford's Theater by John Wilkes Booth -
Southern Homestead Act
Enacted to break a cycle of debt during the Reconstruction following the American Civil War. It was hard for both Blacks and Whites to claim and/or buy land. -
Memphis Riot
A racial violence caused by political, social, and racial tensions. Occurred through May 1-3, of 1866. -
Sharecropping
By 1866 bureau officials tried to force freedmen to sign labor contracts with white landowners-returning black people to white authority. -
New Orleans Riot
This massacre occurred on July 30,1866. A violent conflict as white Democrats including police and firemen attacked Republicans, most of them African American. In total their were 150 black casualties, within that 44 were killed. -
American Missionary Association
An abolitionist and Congregationalist organization-worked for the Freedmen's Bureau to establish Fisk in Tennessee, Hampton in Virginia, Tougaloo in Alabama, and Avery in South Carolina. The primary purpose of these schools was to educate black students to become teachers. -
Reconstruction Acts
Republicans passed the first three over Johnson's veto in March 1867. It divided the South into five military districts, each under the command of a general. -
Johnson Impeached
Was impeached on February 24, 1868, he was impeached mainly for misdemeanors and high crimes. One week after his impeachment, the House adopted 11 articles against the President. -
14th Amendment Ratified
Granted citizenship to anyone whether they are black or white. -
Ulysses S. Grant elected as President
Reconstruction took place within his first week in office. He tried to work with both the North and the South,while still trying to protect the rights of newly freed slaves. But, there were many corrupt people in his office which tarnished his administration, and was a reason for the downfall of Reconstruction. -
Transcontinental Railroad Completed
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National Colored Labor Union
Founded in 1866 by Andrew Cameron, the National Colored Labor Union, was formed by African Americans to organize their labor collectively on a national level. -
15th Amendment ratified
Granted African American men the right to vote. -
Freedman's Bank
As one of the casualties of the financial crisis, this failed in 1874. Founded by Congress in 1865, This shared a name with the Freedmen's Bureau, but had no connection. The bank lost large sums from unsecured railroad loans in the Panic Of 1873. African Americans in the South lost more than one million dollars from this. -
Mississippi Plan
This was devised by the Democratic Party to get rid of the Republican Party in order to regain Mississippi. The Democrats tried to use this to prevent Black Political Participation. -
Civil Rights Act of 1875
This was Congresses last futile attempt to protect Reconstruction. This Act was originally intended to open public accommodations, such as schools, churches ,cemeteries ,hotels, and transportation to all people regardless of race. It did succeed in getting rid of the bans on schools, churches, and cemeteries. -
Affects Of Reconstruction Today (2018-2019)
The formation of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, who have an unidentified count of victims, and still put fear in the hearts of Americans today. If Reconstruction had been fully successful, racism would not be as prevalent as it is in today's society.
