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Period: to
The Early Years of Cinema
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Phenakistiscope
A cardboard disc with slots around the edge, and drawings between the slots, was spun on an axle in front of a mirror. -
The Zoetrope
The zoetrope is based on the same principle as the phenakistiscope, but is cylindrical in shape. This enabled several people at the same time to view the moving pictures - an advance over the single spectator of the earlier toy. -
Leland Stanford places bet
In 1878 ex California governor Leland Stanford placed a
$25,000 bet to determine if all four hooves of a horse level the ground simultaneously. 12 cameras were set up along a race track cameras trigged by the horse breaking the string attached to the camera shutter
took individual still pictures . -
Zoopraxiscope
Muybridge invented zoopraxiscope, a machine for projecting slides onto a distant surface. The silhouette images, derived from his sequence photographs, were painted around the edge of a large glass disc. -
Sixteen FPS
One important decision that the Lumieres made was to shoot their films at sixteen frames per second. This rate became the standard for average film speed for about twenty-five years. The first film made with this system was Workers Leaving the Factory.
[Workers leaving the factory](<a href='http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEQeIRLxaM4)' >Workers leaving the factory</a>
(Today - 35mm movie cameras use 24fps) -
George Eastman
In 1888 he introduced the simple hand-held box camera that made popular photography possible. The Kodak camera with a roll of transparent film was cheap enough for all pockets and could be used by a child. -
W.K.L. Dickson
Film being perforated Dickson cut the Eastman film into 1-inch wide strips (roughly 35 millimeters) and punched four holes on either side of each frame so that toothed gears could pull the film through the camera and Kinetoscope. It influenced the entire history of the cinema. 35 mm film stock with four perforations per frame has remained the norm. -
Kinetoscope Invented
In 1891, Thomas Edison built a Kinetoscope, or peep-hole viewer. Kinetoscope - a forerunner of the projector. Peepshow viewer. A customer could drop a penny into the kinetoscope, turn the crank, look through the viewfinder. The films lasted only 20 seconds. The film was in a continuous loop -
Thomas Edison
Invention of the light blubThomas Edison – the inventor of phonograph and the electric light bulb. In 1891, Thomas Edison built a Kinetoscope, or peep-hole viewer. -
Black Maria
Edison and Dickson needed films for their machines before they could exploit them commercially. 1893: Edison built the first motion picture studio near his lab in New Jersey. tarpaper shed
the roof opened to sky to provide enough light for photography
the building turned on tracks to face the sun -
Kinetoscope
In 1894 the first Kinetoscope parlor opened in New York. For about two years the Kinetoscope was highly profitable, but it was eclipsed when other inventors, inspired by Edison’s new device, found ways to project films on a screen. -
Fred Ott's Sneeze
One of the earliest films made was Fred Ott's Sneeze: a short film of a guy called Fred Ott, sneezing for the camera (1894) 1st copyrighted film in USA Produced in the Black Maria -
Brothers Lumiere and the First Film Screening
Auguste and Louis Lumiere are credited with the world's first public film screening on December 28, 1895. The showing of approximately ten short films lasting only twenty minutes in total was held in the basement lounge of the Grand Cafe in Paris. -
A Trip to the Moon
Trip to the moon movie) – a comic science fiction story of a group of scientists traveling to the moon in a space capsule and escaping after being taken prisoner by a race of Moon creatures. -
The Great Train Robbery
Directed, photographed, and edited by Edwin S. Porter.
Filmed in November 1903 on various locations in New Jersey.
About 11 min. long.
14 scenes.
