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Zenger Trial
- printer who published New York Weekly Journal
- arrested and imprisoned for printing "false, malicious" libels against the governor (November 17, 1734)
- highlighted Governor Cosby's abuse of power
- in jail for nine months
- was set free because Zenger's attorney believed free press should be given to colonists & twelve jurors agreed
- after trial, colonial press became more open and free
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Period: to
Seven Years War
- colonial rivialries between Britain, France, and Spain
- fighting over control of Ohio Valley
- Britain established as greatest colonial power
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Albany Congress
- attended by representatives of seven British colonies in North America
- CT, RI, NY, MD, MA, PA, NH
- met to prepare for their defense for what they thought was war
- made an attempt to improve their relationship with Indians -focused more on the weaking colonial resistance
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Period: to
Pontiac's Rebellion
- plotted to fight the British
- wanted to take over Fort Detroit
- Ottawa chieftain Pontiac
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Sugar Act
- passed by the British parliament
- called for a tax of sixpence per gallon on non-British sugar and molasses imported into the North American colonies
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Stamp Act
- required American colonists to pay tax for on every printer paper they used
- ex: legal docs, newspapers, playing cards
- money collected was used to help protect the American frontier
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Declaratory Act
- declared British authority to makeand pass any laaws for colonies
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Repeal of Stamp Act
- could not give up on the decision to uphold the tax and give in to mobs in the colonies
- ended up being successful because Britain realized the distinction between internal and external taxes
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Boston Massacre
- street fight between a "patriot mob" and British soldiers
- several colonists were killed
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Tea Act
- designed to prop up the East India Company
- launched the final spark to Boston's revolutionary movement
- sold at a bargain place & shipped directly to the colonies
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Boston Tea Party
- political protest in the British colony, Massachusetts against the tax policy of Britsh gov that controlled all the tea imported the colonies
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Intolerable Acts
- series of laws in response to the Boston Tea Party *Impartial Administration of Justice Act:allowed the royal governor of the colony to move trials to other colonies *Massachusetts Bay Regulating Act:banned all town meetings *Boston Port Act: closed Boston's port; moved the capital of Massachusetts to Salem; made Marblehead its official port *Quartering Act: allowed royal troops to stay in houses if barracks weren't available *Quebec Act:granted religious freedom to all Catholics
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First Continental Congress
- delegates of the thirteen colonies that met in Philadelphia to talk about Britain's increased oppression
- convention declared that the colonists should be equal to the Englishmen
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Lexington and Concord
- first battles fought of the American Revolutionary War in Lexington
- 700 soldiers were sent to destroy ammuniton the colonists had stored in Concord
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Second Continental Congress
- met at the State House in Philadelphia
- established the militia as the Continental Army to represent the thirteen colonies
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Fort Ticonderoga
- capture of the Fort was during the Amercian Revolutionary War
- first American victory
- surprised and captured the sleeping British garrison
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Battle of Bunker Hill
- part of the American Revolution
- British faced an assmeblage of militia
- British victory
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Olive Branch Petition
- drafted by John Dickinson
- adopted by the Second Continental Congress
- attempt to assert the rights of the colonists while maintaining their loyalty to the British crown
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Virginia Declaration of Rights
- largely the work of George Mason
- served as a model for the bills of rights in many other state consitutuions
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Declaration of Independence
- nation's most cherished symbol of liberty
- expressed the convictions in the minds of American people
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Battle of Long Island
- first major battle in the American Revolutionary War
- first battle where an army of US fought in
- Washington and his Continental Army driven out of New YOrk after many defeats
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Common Sense
- Thomas Paine
- argued for independence from Great Britain
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Valley Forge
- located in Pennsylvania
- site of the military camp
- American Continental Army
- winter of 1777-1778 during the American Revolutionary War
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Bills for Establishing Religious Freedom
- written summary of inalienable rights and liberties
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Battle of Saratoga
- American's biggest victory until Yorktown
- proved to everyone that America had a chance to win the war
- major turning point
- convinced France to enter the war as an ally of the US
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Articles of Confederation
- first written consitiution
- set up the confederation of states
- first national gov of US
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Battle of Yorktown
- General George Washington learned that Cornwallis' army was near Yorktown
- troops moved away from NY and set up a blockade
- commanders let their forces, Americans on the right & French on the left
- surrounded the British and defeated them
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Treaty of Paris
- signing of treaty between Great Britain and America
- ended the American Revolution
- recoginized the united States as an independent nation
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Treaty of Paris
- ended the Revolutionary War
- treaty between Great Britian, USA, France & Spain
- recognized America as an independent nation
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Land Ordinance of 1785
- passed by Congress under the Articles of Confederation
- created the system of surveys by which all public land was made available for sale
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787
- one of the most significant achievements of the Congress Confederation
- the land north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi would be settled and eventually become part of the US
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George Washingotn Inauguration
- marked the first four-year-term of George Washington's presidency
- first president of the United States
