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Period: to
Europe
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Jansenism
Jansenism was a branch of Christinity that held several different opinions from Catholic orthodoxy. As a result, Janesists were persecuted, especially by Louis XIV in France. This is a painting of Pope Clement XI, who officially condemned Jansenism as being heretical by issuing a papal bull in 1713. This painting shows the power of papal authority in deciding who is included or excluded from religious orthodoxy. Painting by Pierleone Ghezzi. -
Les Enragés
Les Enragés was a group formed by several radical revolutionaries during the French Revolution. They became especially active in 1792-93 as economic hardships were strong. Jacques Roux, the man in the painting, was a priest who led the enragés. The enragés' demands of more state control of the economy were increasingly seen as excessive and going against social order and they became seen as enemies of the regime. The main leaders were guillotined and Roux committed suicide after being arrested. -
Mikhail Bakunin
Quote from 'Marxism, Freedom and the State' by Bakunin, an anarchist who argued for the radical destruction of the state system. -
Suffragettes
Evening Telepgrah (June, 5th 1913)
Emily Davison dies trying to stop King George V's horse, supposedly to plant a Suffragette flag on the horse, although the reasons for which she threw herself under the King's horse are, to this day, not certain. -
Bolshevik Revolution
'The Bolshevik' by Boris Kustodiev (1920) .
This painting represents the October Revolution of 1917 in Russia, led by Lenin. Marxism-Leninism argued for the end of the domination of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie. The extreme and radical social, political and economic transformation the ideology sought was put in practice with the establishment of the USSR in 1922. -
Adolf Hitler
Poster by the Comité d'Action Contre le Deroulement des Jeux Olympiques à Berlin in a campaign calling for the boycott of the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin. Even though the boycott campaign was unsuccessful, it shows that there was some vocal oposion in Europe to Hitler's repressive policies in Germany in the 1930s.
