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Pre-Computing
Computers have been in widespread use for only the last 30 years, but many of the underlying concepts date back to the earliest cultures. Counting and basic arithmetic have been important human activities for thousands of years. This devices shown in the graph are examples of early tools to simplify calculation. They range from simple successful inventions like the thirteenth-century abacus to unsuccessful industrial-age mechanical dreams like Charles Babbage’s engines. -
The First Mechanical Computers
The first mechanical computer was invented by a mathematics professor in Cambridge England named Charles Babbage. He is even considered by many people world wide to be the father of the modern day computer because of his inventions of the mechanical computing engine. In 1812 he conceived what he called The Difference Engine.
Mechanical Computers -
"Model K" Adder
George Stibitz made the original version of this in 1936 on his kitchen table, hence the name “Model K.” Using scrapped relays from Bell Labs and strips of metal from a tin can, it can add two binary digits. Stibitz himself built this replica.
"Model K' -
The Z3 Computer
A German engineer Konrad Zuse built the Z3 Computer, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length.The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich.
Z3 Computer -
The Atanasoff-Berry Computer
Being completed by 1942, the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) was the first electronic computer. It was designed and built by John Vincent Atanasoff and his assistant, Clifford E. Berry. It was also the first to use capacitors for storage, as in current RAM, and was capable of performing 30 simultaneous operations. -
EDSAC
Maurice Wilkes and his team at the University of Cambridge construct the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC). EDSAC, a stored program computer, used mercury delay line memory. Wilkes had attended the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Engineering summer sessions about the ENIAC in 1946 and shortly thereafter began work on the EDSAC. -
The First Computer Program to Run a Computerr
The Small-Scale Experimental Machine, known as SSEM, or the "Baby", was designed and built at The University of Manchester.It was the first machine that had all the components now classically regarded as characteristic of the basic computer. Most importantly it was the first computer that could store not only data but any user program in electronic memory and process it at electronic speed.
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Integrated Circuit
The Integrated Circuit is a package containing many circuits, pathways, transistors, and other electronic components all working together to perform a particular function or a series of functions. Integrated circuits are the building blocks of computer hardware.
The integrated circuit was first introduced as a concept by British radar engineer Geoffrey Dummer on May 7, 1952. -
Magnetostrictive Delay Line
The Ferranti Sirius is announced. The Sirius was a small, low-cost business computer using a simple programming language. Its main memory was a magnetostrictive delay line. Like all delay lines, bits were fed into one end, detected at the other, and continuously recirculated. Although this type of delay line was considered to be somewhat slow, its low cost made it attractive to computer designers. -
Robert Noyce and Intel
Robert Norton Noyce was born in December 12, 1927, Burlington, Iowa, USA. He invented the Integrated chip while at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1958. He Co-founded Intel with Gordon Moore in 1968, and he helped start Fairchild Semiconductor in 1957.
Other Processor evolution -
AMD
Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) was founded by Jerry Sanders. It is a manufacturer of Intel-compatible computer processors.
July 24, 2006 - AMD announces its acquisition of ATI.
August 14, 2001 - IBM stops selling AMD-based PCs in North America.
January 16, 1996 - AMD acquires NexGen, a company founded by Thampy Thomas who with the help of other former Intel employees that help create the 80486 created the Nx586.
April 1987 - AMD and Monolithic Memories Inc. agree to merge. -
The ARPANET -- the first Internet
The ARPANET was the first wide area packet switching network, the "Eve" network of what has evolved into the Internet we know and love today.The ARPANET was originally created by the IPTO under the sponsorship of DARPA, and conceived and planned by Lick Licklider, Lawrence Roberts, and others as described earlier in this section.
ARPANET -
The Internet We Know
The Internet as we know it today first started being developed in the late 1960's.
Some Basics: -The Internet and the WWW are not the same thing.
-The Internet is explored, which is more commonly referred to as surfing, using a browser.
-Finding information on the Internet is achieved by using a search engine.
-Users browse web pages by following hyperlinks.
Internet develop -
CD-ROM
Able to hold 550 megabytes of pre-recorded data, CD-ROMs grow out of music Compact Disks (CDs). The CD was developed by Sony and Philips in 1982 for distributing music. The first general-interest CD-ROM product released after Philips and Sony announced the CD-ROM format in 1984 was Grolier´s Electronic Encyclopedia, which came out in 1985. -
Microsoft Windows 1.0
Bill Gates is the one who announces Microsoft Windows in November 10, 1983. The Microsoft Windows 1.0 was introduced in November 20, 1985, and it was sold for $100.00. Since its release, there have been over a dozen versions of Windows. The most current version of Windows for end users is Windows 10.
Microsoft Windows History -
Windows 3.0
Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released May, 22 1990. Microsoft Windows 3.0 full version was priced at $149.95 and the upgrade version was priced at $79.95.
Windows has multitasking, which means you can run multiple applications at once without having to close out of each program before running another.
Windows 3.0 -
O/S evolution
Apple released the first version of its Mac OS X operating system, noteworthy for its UNIX architecture.
OS X has been known over the years for its simplicity, aesthetic interface, advanced technologies, applications, security and accessibility options. The Dock to iCloud, OS X has been integrated into Apple's hardware, as well as iOS devices, so users can easily work and navigate.
Mac OS X -
Windows XP
Windows XPCodenamed Whistler, Microsoft Windows XP is short for Windows Experienced and utilizes the Windows NT kernel. Microsoft originally had plans to release an updated version of Windows 2000, along with Windows XP. In the end, Microsoft ended up deciding to shelve that project and release Windows XP by itself, making it a convergence of consumer and business operating systems.
Windows XP -
Google Apps
A big milestone came in 2009, as Web 2.0 hit its stride, and Google and others started to offer browser-based enterprise applications, though services such as Google Apps. Google Cloud Storage offers developers and IT organizations durable and highly available object storage. Google created three simple product options to help you address the needs of your applications while keeping your costs low. -
iCloud Photo Storage
iCloud Library stores every photo and video you take, and keeps them up to date on all your devices. Any edits you make are automatically updated everywhere. iCloud Photo Sharing makes it easy to share photos and videos with exactly the people you want to see them. Create a shared album and invite friends and family to add their photos and video clips as often as they want. And you can even take your entire photo collection everywhere without using up all the storage space on your iPhone. -
Mac OS X 10.10
Apple introduces Mac OS X 10.10 code named Yosemite at the WWDC on June 2, 2014. -
Windows 10
Microsoft Windows 10 is the latest version of Microsoft Windows that is an upgrade to Windows 8.1 (skipping Windows 9) and was released July 29, 2015. Windows 10 shares a lot of the features introduced with Windows 8, but has brought back the Start Menu and introduces the new Microsoft Edge browser.
Windows 10
