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First Find
First official reports of the finding of gold in Australia by J McBrien. The
information was suppressed. -
Gold Near Hartley
Geologists P E Strzelecki and Rev W B Clarke find gold near Hartley. -
Transportation
Transportation of convicts to NSW ceased. -
Gold in California
Gold discovered in California (announced in December 1848). -
Governor Fitzroy
Governor Fitzroy approached the Colonial Office, advocating a policy for the
exploitation of mineral resources. He requested a geologist, which led to the
appointment of Samuel Stutchbury. This gave approval for the mining of mineral
resources. -
Australians sailed for Califonia
Californian gold rush. A great many Australians sailed for California. -
Edward Hargraves
Edward Hargraves
Edward Hargraves returned from California and washed gold at Summer Hill
Creek, Ophir. Although he showed little skill in discovering new fields, he
received recognition and financial rewards. The early rush to the NSW fields led
to a serious decline in the population in Victoria, so a reward was offered for the
discovery of gold in that region. Several claimants came forward, and by the end of 1851 the incredibly rich Ballarat and Bendigo fields were in production. -
Prospectors
Prospectors started arriving from overseas. Approximately 100 000 arrived in
1852. Ships' crews deserted. Women were left while their husbands went in
search of gold. Australia's population went from 404 276 to 1 097 305 between
1850 and 1860. Small gold deposits were discovered in New Zealand. -
The Licence fee in NSW
The licence fee in NSW was reduced to 10/- a month after near riots at Turon.
Victoria followed suit a few months later. -
Licencing system
Discontent with the licensing system and lack of political rights came to a head in
the Eureka Stockade. An inquiry followed. -
The Licence in Victoria
In Victoria, the licence was replaced with the `Miner's Right', costing 1/- per
annum and carrying the right to vote. An export duty of 2s 6d per ounce was
placed on gold instead. -
Canges in licensing
NSW adopted similar changes in licensing and voting to Victoria. -
Brish Columbia
Gold discovered in British Columbia (25 000 prospectors). -
Gold discoverd in Queensland
A small deposit of gold was discovered north of Fitzroy River in north
Queensland. The few acres were soon exhausted by the arrivals. 5000-6000
footsore and penniless diggers had to be helped to return to Victoria or to the
inland NSW goldfields. -
Chinese Miners
Gold rush
An influx of Chinese miners meant that by 1860 one fifth of all adult men in
Victoria were Chinese. -
gold discoverd in New Zealand
Workable gold discovered in New Zealand. Between 1861 and 1863, 64 000
people travelled to Otago from Australia, while only 8600 arrived from Britain. -
Gold in Coolgardie
Gold discovered at Coolgardie, WA. -
Gold in Queensland
A valuable gold field discovered in Gympie, Queensland. -
Gold in South Africa
Valuable deposits of very deep gold discovered on the Rand, South Africa. It took
money and machinery to extract this gold. -
Gold in Kalgoorlie
Gold discovered at Kalgoorlie, WA. -
Gold in Alaska
Gold discovered in Alaska. The first goldfields were alluvial or surface goldfields, where the gold could be
washed or winnowed from the soil. The life of these goldfields was short. In
Victoria in 1852, it was estimated that the value of gold found by diggers was an
average of 324 oz per head. By 1856 it had fallen to 103 oz and it further
declined to 78 oz in 1865. In Victoria in 1856, there were 115 000 prospectors (or
alluvial diggers.) By 1865, the number had declined to 80 000.
