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Booker T. Washington
The founder and leader of the Tuskegee Institute from 1881 to his death in 1915. In 1882 he acheived granting the school institutional independence within the state of alabama. -
W.E.B. Du Bois
He founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination -
Universal Negro Improvement Association
Founded by Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican born activist. In 1916, Garvey moved to Harlem in New York where UNIA thrived. By now a formidable public speaker, Garvey spoke across America. He urged African-Americans to be proud of their race and return to Africa, their ancestral homeland and attracted thousands of supporters. -
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The Black Star Line
The Black Star Line was to be the U.N.I.A.'s vehicle for promoting worldwide commerce among black communities. In Garvey's vision, Black Star Line ships would transport manufactured goods, raw materials, and produce among black businesses in North America, the Caribbean, and Africa, and become the linchpin in a global black economy. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to vacate her seat and move to the rear of a city bus in Montgomery to make way for a white passenger. In the following weeks, Martin Luther King Jr. leads a boycott on city transportation in Montgomery, Alabama. -
Jo Ann Robinson
Jo Ann Robinson and other Women’s Political Council members mimeograph thousands of leaflets calling for a one-day boycott of the city’s buses. -
Little Rock Nine
On the day of desegragation for all white-Central High School nine black students are blocked from entering the school on the orders of Governor Orval Faubus. President Eisenhower sends federal troops and the National Guard to intervene on behalf of the students, who become known as the "Little Rock Nine." -
Freedom Riders
African American volunteer groups, freedom riders, were testing out the new anti-segregation laws for public transportation including buses and trains. Several groups are attacked by angry mobs along the way and are able to stay true to their anti-violence protests. -
The March on Washington
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom attracts more than two hundred thousand demonstrators to the Lincoln Memorial. Organized by A. Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin, the march is supported by all major civil rights organizations as well as by many labor and religious groups. -
24th Amendment
The 24th Amendment abolishes the poll tax, which originally had been instituted in 11 southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote. -
Organization of Afro-American Unity
Malcolm X founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity. (OAAU) Basic Unity Program:
1.Restoration: "In order to release ourselves from the oppression of our enslavers then, it is absolutely necessary for the Afro-American to restore communication with Africa."
2.Reorientation: "We can learn much about Africa by reading informative books."
3.Education: "The Organization of Afro-American Unity will devise original educational methods an -
Selma to Montgomery March
On "Bloody Sunday," March 7, 1965, some 600 civil rights marchers headed east out of Selma. They got only as far as the Edmund Pettus Bridge six blocks away, where state and local lawmen attacked them with billy clubs and tear gas and drove them back into Selma. Two days later on March 9, Martin Luther King, Jr., led a "symbolic" march to the bridge. -
Martin Luther King Jr. is Assasinated
While in Memphis, Tennessee, King was shot and killed at the Lorraine Motel. He had a major impact on the civil rights movement and his death led to the passing of the equal housing bill, a major achievement for the civil rights era. -
Rodney King Riots
The first race riots in decades erupt in south-central Los Angeles after a jury acquits four white police officers for the videotaped beating of African American Rodney King. King was pulled over for speeding, pulled from his car and horrifically beaten by the four officers. -
Civil Rights Act of 2008
Senator Edward Kennedy introduced the Civil Rights Act of 2008. Some of the proposed provisions include ensuring that federal funds are not used to subsidize discrimination, holding employers accountable for age discrimination, and improving accountability for other violations of civil rights and workers' rights.
