-
-
-
-
-
Designed by Edmund Halley
-
First scientific voyage by Edmund Halley
-
-
John Lethbridge developed a completely enclosed, one-man diving dress
-
John Harrison made the first seagoing chronometer. A chronometer is a clock that could keep precise time.
-
Carl Linnaeus came up with a system called binomial nomenclature, where two names are used to identify an organism; a genus and a species.
-
-
Franklin announced the discovery of the Gulf Stream
-
John Smeaton incorporated several improvements to the diving bell
-
Karl Heinrich Klingert creates a device that is the first to be called a "diving suit”
-
-
-
Darwin set sail on the HMS Beagle to conduct research, specifically in the Galapagos Islands
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Published by Matthew Fontaine Maury
-
-
A transatlantic underwater cable was dug up from depths which had never before been previously explored, and the cable was found to be covered in new marine organisms.
-
Darwin's book, "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" detailed his theory of evolution.
-
-
Invented by William Thompson
-
New expedition
-
Louis Agassiz founded the first marine biology lab in the United States. Louis was Alexander's father.
-
130 miles west of Portugal
-
Charles Wyell Thomson went on the HMS Challenger and gathered information. He reported more than 4700 new species of marine organisms.
-
-
Coast Survey Steamer "Blake"
-
Alexander Agassiz went on expeditions and found more samples of new marine life than the Challenger. He also theorized that color is absorbed at certain depths.
-
-
-
-
Victor Hensen coined the phrase "plankton," meaning all of the different organisms that drift in the sea's currents.
-
-
-
-
-
Alfred Wegener believed that at one time there was a supercontinent, which he called Pangaea. The idea of Pangaea led to the discovery of continental drift.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Invented by Athelstan Spilhaus
-
-
-
The continental drift
-
Stanley Miller did experiments that tested the hypothesis 'heat, lightning, and radiation provided enough energy to prodce the organic molecules needed for life from the gases present in the primitive atmosphere.' His breakthrough experiments supported the hypothesis.
-
-
-
H. H, Hess said magma was molten rock that is deep in the earth's mantle
-
Oceanographers from Scripps Institution of Oceanography used magnetometers to record patterns in the changes in polarity in the earths crust
-
-
Connell performed experiments on barncale species to understand how populations are in constant competition for the colonization of their habitat.
-
F.J. Vine and D.H. Matthews did an experiment on the changes in earth's magnetic field, hypothesizing that new crust formed strips of crust parallel to ridges that led to specific polarities in the magnetic field.
-
-
-
The drilling ship Glomar Challenger gathered core samples from the ocean bottom to show evidence that the rock was youngest near the ridges of Earth's plates, showing that new crust is being formed.
-
Robert Paine observed how some animals must be present in a community in order for other species to live there, and called these mandatory animals keynote species.
-
-
In relation to Nelson's ideas that only whales fed in the Bering sea
-
Can withstand 6 foot wave action for optimal stability in scientific observation
-
-
Pits and furrows related to the feeding activities of whales and walruses
-
These findings supported Nelson's main idea that it was a whale feeding ground (disincluding walruses)
-
-
-
-
Designed by John Holland, purhcased by U.S. Navy
-
-
-
-
-
Uses uncharacteristic wings to move at vertically 12 knots
-
Designed lightweight and compact with arms to allow researchers to observe with the freedom of a scuba diver, at depths of up to 2000 feet
-
Measures the state of Earth's environment and climate system
-
-
-
Like an underwater drone with multipurpose tools
-
Follows up on Jason-1 mission
-
Argentinian Aquarius spacecraft measures Sea Surface Salinity
-
-