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AAPE/AAAPE
- William Anderson, M.D. was interested in learning more about other physical education professionals were teaching and structuring their programs, and therefore organized a meeting at Adelphi Academy.
- The Association for the Advancement of Physical Education (AAPE) was founded.
- One year later, the name was changed to The American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education (AAAPE).
- Dr. Edward Hitchcock served as the first president.
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First Modern Olympics
- The first modern Olympics were held in Athens in 1896.
- Participation was limited to males and to 28 events in four sports: trach and field, gymnastics, targen shooting, and fencing.
- Organized by Princeton professor William Sloane, a small delegation of American athletes participated.
- In 1984, the movie The First Olympics: Athens was made.
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Public School Athletic League
- In 1903, Luther Gulick founded the Public School Athletic League.
- The League was formed to provide and maintain a sports program for students enrolled in New York City public schools.
- Luther Gulick vigorously promoted physical education in New York City public schools and supported the concept of city playgrounds.
- The league began with an athletic opening held at Madison Square Garden on December 26, 1903. It involved 1,040 boys in basketball and track events.
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Playground Association of America
- Luther Gulick also played a large part in the formation of the Playground Association of America. He served as the first president.
- The association sought to promote the development of urban and rural playgrounds.
- By 1930, it was called the National Recreation Association and then the National Recreation and Park Association
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Impact of WWI
- During WWI, many physical educators provided leadership for phusicam conditioning programs for the armed forces, as well as those on the home front.
- Walter Camp worked as an advisor for the United States Military, creating a program to help servicemen become more physically fit.
- It was soon known as the "Daily Dozen", a set of exercises that included "hands, grind, crawl, wave, hips, grate, curl, weave, head, grasp, crouch, and wing."
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Degree Programs
- Teachers College of Columbia University and New York University offered the first doctoral degrees in physical education.
- In 1926, under the leadership of Margaret H'Doubler, the University of Wisconsin became the first university to offer a degree program in dance.
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The Depression Years
- Because of the economic depression in the united states, budgets in schools were cut back.
- Between 1932 and 1934, an estimated 40% of physical education programs in schools were cut.
- In Illinois and California, the physical education requirement in schools was eliminated by legislative moves.
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National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball
- The National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball was established in Kansas City, Missouri on March 10, 1940.
- It started with the National College Basketball Tournament with eight teams in 1938 which later grew to 32 teams in 1939.
- Its name was later changed to the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics in 1952.
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Federation of Sports Medicine
- In 1954, the Federation of Sports Medicine was founded by 11 physicians.
- In 1955, they changed their name to the American College of Sports Medicine.
- Today, the ACSM has over 17,000 members in over 70 countries including physicians, physical educators, exercise phsiologists, and biochemists.
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"Aerobics" by Kenneth Cooper
- In 1968, Kenneth H. Cooper wrote a book called "Aerobics".
- The book emphasized a point system for improving the cardiovascular system.
- Males aimed for 30 points a week while females aimed for 24. -He also developed the fitness tests and the Aerobics Point System, used by military, amateur and professional athletic teams, law enforcement agencies, and public schools and universities all over.
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Title IX
- Title IX states that "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."
- Participation of women in sports was enhanced by the passage of Title IX. It ensures that girls and women receive the same rights as boys and men. <a href='http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JHKb2Jxz10&feature=related' >Title IX Video
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Physical Best
- In 1985 and 1987, the National Children and Youth Fitness Studies revealed that only one-third of youths participated in necessary activity for the matenance of cardiorepiratory endurance.
- Because of this, AAHPERD started a new physical fitness test and educational program called Physical Best in 1988.
- Physical Best assesses five components of fitness-- cardiovascular endurance, body composition, flexibility, and upper body and abdominal strength and endurance.
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Olympic and Amature Sports Act
- In 1998, the Olympic and Amateur Sports Act ammended the Amateur Sports Act to strengthen the rights of athletes to compete and encouraged the growth of disabled sports.
- It probided for the paralympics to be affiliated with the United States Olympic Committee
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Healthy People 2010
- Started by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2010 was set major physical and health goals to be achieved by the year 2010.
- It branches off of the goals of Healthy People 2000, adapting the methods used to help society.
- Healthy People 2020 continues with another 10-year agenda for improving the nation’s health.
