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Period: Jan 1, 1450 to
History of Quebec and Canada
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Jan 1, 1487
Diaz
Diaz sailed around Africa. -
Jan 1, 1492
Columbus
Christopher Columbus set out for China, and ended up in America. Unfortunately, he did not find the precious stones and silks that he was looking for. -
Jan 1, 1492
Columbus
Columbus set sail for China and landed up in America. -
Jan 1, 1497
Cabot
John Cabot set out for Asia, and landed up on the Eastern Coast of Canada. -
Jan 1, 1497
Vasco da Gama
Vasco da Gama sailed to India. -
Jan 1, 1500
European Arrival
Europeans were not the first ones to inhabit North America. When they arrived about 500 years ago, they met the Natives, who were the original habitants. -
Jan 1, 1500
Cabral
Cabral sailed to Brazil. -
Jan 1, 1513
Balboa
Sailed the pacific ocean and landed up in Central America. -
Jan 1, 1519
Magellan
1519-1522. Ferdinand Magellan was the first person to sail around the entire world. Although he died on route, the point where he ended off was somewhere were he had already sailed (overlap). He proved that the Earth IS round, despite what the Church has said. -
Jan 1, 1534
Cartier
1534, 1535 & 1541. Jacques Cartier did three separate voyages. During the first one (1534), he explored the St. Lawrence River, claimed the land in the name of the king of France, and found all of the ressources (timber, furs etc.) that he thought would be profitable. In 1535 (2nd voyage), he reached Stadacona (Quebec). The natives showed the Europeans life skills like survivng the winter and scruvy which affected a large population. Final trip of 1541, failed at setting up colony. -
1st Settlement
The king of France set workers to Nova Scotia to set up the very first full-time settlement in Port-Royal. Champlain was one of the workers. This settlement failed because it was not placed well geographically, and it didn't pay for the Natives to go there to trade. -
Quebec
After founding Trois-Rivieres, Samuel-de-Champlain founded a new trading post in Quebec, where the river narrows. -
Three Rivers
In 1634, Laviolette, with the help of other men, founded Three Rivers (trading post). -
Ville-Marie
In 1642, Paul Chomedy-de-Maisonneuve founded Villa Maria (Montreal), with the help of a nurse who set up Hotel-Dieu (a hospital), Jeanne Mance. -
First school in Quebec
In 1653, Marguerite Bourgeoys set up the first school in Quebec to educate natives, girls and the poor. -
The Royal Government
In 1663, the king Louis the 14th, put in place the Royal Government. In France were situated the King and the Minister of the Marine. The Governor general, in New France, had the power over the civil and military affairs in the colony. He also how the right of Veto. Next was the Intendant. He was the administrator of justice, of the police, and of the finances. And lastly, the Bishop was chosen by the pope, and had all the power over charities, hospitals and education. -
Jean Talon
In 1665, Jean Talon became intendant. He put in place ways to increase the population, vary economic activities and vary agricultural. For the population, he offered land to soldiers who finished their time in the army, invited the 36 months (men without jobs) and les Filles du Roy. -
Lasalle sailed up the Mississippi
In 1682, Lasalle sailed up the Missippi, into the Gulf of Mexico and claimed all the land in the name of the king of France. -
The First Intercolonial War
Ends with the Treaty of Ryswick. -
The Second Intercolonial War
Ends with the Treaty of Utrecht. -
The Third Intercolonial War
Ends with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. -
The Seven Year War (OR the fourth intercolonial war)
(1756-1763). It envolved the super power countries, but we are focusing on the war between the British and the French in North America.Because the British had failed with their other plans to take the land, they planned a sea attack. They took Louisbourg to start, then sailed down the river to attack Quebec. They faught at the Plains of Abraham, and after approximately 15 minutes, the British conquered the land. Both Wolfe and Montcalm (english and french generals) died following the victory. -
Canadians
The population of New France no longer feel like French immigrants. They feel like Canadians. -
Articles of Capitulation
The French militia could return home, the normal French military can return home, the Bishop left, and everyone who stayed would become British citizens. The war was still happening in Europe, but in the meantime, the British had taken over New France. These are the rules that the French would have to follow under British ruling. -
Treaty of Paris
Marks the end of the Seven Years war. New France now belongs to Britain and Ile St. Pierre and Miquelon belong to France. -
Royal Proclamation
New France is now called the Province of Quebec. Its land decreases, they put in place a civilian Government to run the new colony, all French laws are replaced by English ones, unused land is divided by the Township System, the bishop isn't replaced and roman catholics cannot have high ranking roles in society. -
James Murray
(Governor of Quebec) James Murray saw that the Royal Proclamation was unreasonable considering that 99% of the population was French Canadian. To make the rest of the French Roman Catholics content, he bent the rules. He allowed a new Bishop. He allowed French laws in the lower courts. He did not call an elected assembly because it would favor the English Merchants. -
Guy Carleton
The English Merchants were unhappy with the way that James Murray was favoring the French Canadians, so they complained to the king of England who replaced him with Guy Carleton in 1766, who thought and acted the same way as Murray. -
American Revolution
The habitants of the 13 colonies were upset for several reasons, mainly problems regarding high tax amounts and no rights. They desperately wanted independance, so they revolted. They wanted nothing to do with Britain, their mother country, so they faught, and suceeded. -
Quebec Act
The purpose of the Quebec Act was to satisfy the French so that they wouldnt revolt. They gave them: a larger territory, they denied an elected assembly (because it favored the English), appointed council (17 min.) brought tithe and seigneurial system back, put the French civil laws back in motion and the only way you could hold office was to swear to the king of england that you are loyal. -
The American Revolution Begins
The Americans want independence from Britain. -
Treaty of Versailles
Marks the end of the American Revolution and gives indenpendence to the 13 colonies. -
Constitutional Act
The Constitutional Act was the 3rd act of the Province of Quebec. The Loyalists wanted to have an assembly, but if they only made one, the French would be the majority. Therefore, the English wouldn’t get what they wanted. So, they split Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada. Each Canada had their own assembly, government, and in Lower Canada, French laws were reinstated whereas in Upper Canada, everything was English. There was one governor who ruled both in the name of the king of Britain. -
Steam Power
James Watt invented steam power in 1802. This infuenced the timber industry, because people no longer needed wood for the construction of boats. The first steamboat was constructed in 1814, and in 1819, the first one crossed the Atlantic. -
Timber
Timber/wheat replace the fur trade. It is in high demand in Britain. -
The War of 1812
Americans attack the Canadas, which are under British rule. It is a stalemate. -
Potato Famine
The Irish potato crop was destroyed by a blight. Irish people moved to Canada in search for food and a new place to live. -
92 Resolutions
Papineau wrote 92 resolutions that he sent to Great Britain asking for many things, such as a responsible government. The response came in 1837 with the 10 resolutions. The 10 resolutions rejected all of the demands, and didnt make the Canadians happy at all. -
Railway
The first Canadian railway was completed in 1836. -
Rebellion
In Lower and Upper Canada. Because of the rejection of the 92 Resolutions. -
Act of Union
Lord Durham suggests that both Canadas join together, where both each, Canadians and English, have 42 members in the assembly. -
Lord Elgin
Lord Elgin is the first to not use his veto power, and allowed the Prime Minister to hold executive powers.
