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(History) Charles II is crowned the king of England.
He was king during the Great Plague of London and the Great Fire of London. -
(Art) The Dutch Gift
Given in 1660 to King Charles II of England, this gift consisted of some 28 paintings from the Netherlands to celebrate the new age of England. -
(Literature) London theaters reopen; actresses appear onstage for the first time
Parliament restores British monarchy, and the king decides art is needed again in a new manner. -
Period: to
Unifying principles of music
Works in the Restoration Period were produced under the reign of Charles II. Music in this time period strived for a "correct" form. Aristocratic England disapproved of the music produced in England, as more and more common men listened. As a result, well known works of music were actually from other countries. -
Period: to
Unifying Principles of Literature
Many new ideas were introduced during this time period, but more importantly it was a time in which literature came back to the major role it held previously. The reopening of theaters surely made plays we may see today what they are now, especially since women were finally able to become actresses. Just as the title of the time period implies, literature really was restored around this time and the arts grew greatly due to this. -
(History) The Great Plague of London kills more than 68,000 people in London.
This plague was due to a remaining strain of the Bubonic Plague. -
(History) The great fire destroys a great part of London.
The fire burned for three days and destroyed 70,000 homes. The fire was started by a local baker and spread because of the indecisiveness of the mayor. -
(Music) The Academie Royale de Musique is founded under the French king
This academy, founded by Perrin, became known as the Paris Opera. Such operas had great influence on English opera styles in the era. -
(Music) Cambert writes Pomone
Pomone was Cambert's first actual opera in French. Operas from France, Italy, and Germany greatly influenced English attitudes.
Such attitudes included a preference for more "correct" music. Because many aristocratic individuals disregarded English music as a serious art form, they turned more towards music in other European countries. -
(History) The English Test Act forces Catholics out of office.
This act was put in place under Charles II. It made receiving communion a prerequisite for public office. -
(Music) Locke publishes Melothesia
This was one of the first music theory books that dealt with “Ceratin General Rules for playing upon a Continued Bass. Locke continued to publish music works for King Charles II. -
(Literature) Poems of Bashō help popularize haiku poetry in Japan
New style of poetry introduced, and becomes popular worldwide. -
(Music) Georg Telemann is born
Telemann was a German Baroque composer. Friends with Bach, they cross-influenced each other's style. He was an important link between late Baroque and early Classical styles. -
(Music) George Frideric Handel is born
He was born a German and became a naturalized British citizen in 1727. He became known as a dramatic genius, writing famous odes such as Alexander's Feast (1736). Handel Sonata in F Major -
(Music) Johann Sebastian Bach is born
Bach is a German composer whose works in choir, orchestra, and solo instruments such as flutes, defined the Baroque period in music.
Baroque period: 1900-1760 -
(History) Newton publishes Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
His writing served as the best example of the scientific method at this time. -
Period: to
(History) Glorious Revolution, William and Mary succeed James II
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(History) Locke publishes An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
This essay is Locke's analysis of the foundation of human knowledge and understanding. -
(Art) Neptune and Amphitrite
Sebastiano Ricci created this work in the late 17th century witha Baroque style of art normal to England during this time period. It displays war as glorified and powerful rulers that appear much like gods to the others. -
(History) England, Wales and Scotland are untied politically
The image is a picture of the Treaty of Union that led to a single kingdom. -
(History) Lady Montagu starts the practice of inoculation against small pox.
While living in Turkey, she saw the practice of inoculation against small pox. After returning to London, she spread this practice. -
(Art) Neoclassical-Venus and Satyr
Sebastiano Ricci painted this picture demonstrated Greco-Roman grace and grandeur as was accustomary during this time in the restoration period. Society looked back towards the Greeks and Romans and emphasized their strong characteristics. -
(Literature) Jonathan Swift publishes Gulliver’s Travels
A natural curiosity, courage, and linguistic proficiency allow Gulliver to master the customs of these various countries. A close observer, he minutely describes the appearance, size, and habits of the people and societies he visits, like an early anthropologist. Swift designed these exotic lands and strange characters to reflect the England of his time, but, at the same time, his satire strikes so close to human nature that it is as relevant today. -
(Music) Gay and Pepusch write The Begger's Opera
The ballad opera is written in three acts by John Gay and has music arranged by Johann Pepusch. -
(Art) Romanticism-Horse Frightened by a Lion
George Stubbs of the United Kingdom created this piece of romantic art during the latter part of the era. It demonstrates a compelling situation between two enemies (predator and prey). -
(Literature) Voltaire publishes Candide
Best of All Possible WorldsVoltaire not only satirizes philosophy, religion, and natural disasters, but he also pokes fun at the very form of the novel itself. -
(History) George III is crowned king
He is known as the king who lost the colonies. -
(History) The French Revolution begins
The image shows the storming of Bastille prison that led to social chaos. Peasants revolted against their lords and left their contracts that they were forced into. -
(Literature) Mary Wollstonecraft publishes A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Wollstonecraft preached that intellect will always govern and sought “to persuade women to endeavour to acquire strength, both of mind and body, and to convince them that the soft phrases, susceptibility of heart, delicacy of sentiment, and refinement of taste, are almost synonimous [sic] with epithets of weakness.” -
(History) Napoleon heads the government of France
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Art Unifying Principles
Artwork throughout the era glamorized war, love, and the symbolic power of the gods. These aspects were displayed in nearly 100 percent of the famous paintings of the era
