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Jan 1, 1500
Conditions in Algeria before Imperialism
Algeria’s port cities were controlled by different groups of people ever since the Phoenicians ruled, so by the 1500s, the Ottoman Empire took over these ports. -
Conditions in Algeria Before Imperialism
Before imperialism, women from different races originated from different religions, race, and racial backgrounds. Political and cultural influences in North Africa were very small, and Morocco was the only independent state, white Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria were provinces of the Ottoman Empire. -
Conditions in Algeria Before Imperialism continued
Ottoman deys, who were the governor of Algiers before the French conquest in 1830, didn’t get along with Berber chiefs who ruled the inlands. Also, Algiers, who were referred as the “Barbary Coast”, protected pirates who attacked Europeans ships. In 1815, the Treaty of Vienna included that Barbary cities should be punished for sheltering the pirates. After 1815, France negotiated with Algiers about trading, and piracy, so that it didn’t continue against the French ships. -
French Imperializes Algeria
Algeria’s military wanted to restore themselves by demanding that the Muslim population got war on them from the French army for fifty years. In North Africa, the French followed a system based on the three “Cs” of colonialism—the civilizing mission, commerce, and Christianity. Missionaries wanted to convert the Algerians to Christianity, so they set up clinics and schools that would influence the Berber or Arab women. The French conquested Algeria to have a dominance over the African Americans -
French Algeria
The French settled in Algeria from 1830-1847, and the tradition of the rulers was to rule in a violent way. French settlers demanded to have at least some privileges, in the name of the French democracy. Until the end of the French rule, the settlers took up ten percent of the total population. Until the fall of Napoleon III in 1870 and the rise of the Third Republic in France, settler domination remained the same. -
Algeria's response
French imperialism was an effort to regain lost power rather than a continuation of previous successes, and its African empire grew out of developments along the North African coast. There were Berber uprisings in order to stop the French, and when the French capture Morocco, the people protested. France signed the Treaty of Tangier on September 10, 1844, It provided French recognition of Moroccan independence and promises not to invade Morocco again. -
Algeria's Resistance
Algeria resisted to French rule for almost fifty years. From 1830-1884, Berbers and Arabs in the north of Algeria resisted, until war broke out by 1954. The Algerians began to retaliate against the French colonial powers, starting a war of Independence for the Algerians. Guerilla fighters launched various attacks across Algeria, against military installations, warehouses, communications facilities, and police stakeouts, and many checkpoints, in which Algerians were required to pass through. -
Independence in Algeria
The French tried to provide social reforms and services to win the "hearts and minds" of the Muslim Algerians. When that failed to defeat the rebellion, Charles de Guelle said that Algerians could choose whether or not they were independent. Independence was mainly chosen, since there were no longer any moderate Muslims to argue against it. The French settlers started their own revolt in January 1960, before the peace plan went into effect, since they felt betrayed by De Gaulle's independence. -
Last French Offensive
De Gaulle said his opinion with a televised speech that accused the French settler/rebels of starting a "100 Years War" that hurt France's international reputation by continuing the stories that made miliraties look bad. In response to De Gaulle's speech, 121 French celebrities signed a public statement that urged French soldiers to disobey their officers in Algeria and support independence. More than a dozen French African colonies declared their independence by the next nine months. -
Why France Came
France controlled finances; public works; education; armed forces and security; and agriculture. In the colonial period, government policy focused on encouraging French settlement in the Algerian coastal plain. They wanted to modernize the Muslim population. By 1956, French immigration was successful, and the French settlers took up nine percent of Algeria's population. The rest was divided between Arabs (50%), Berbers (25-30%) and other groups (Khabylie, M'zab, etc: 10%). -
France Withdraws
The French rebels held riots during De Gaulle's visit to Algeria on December 9, 1960. Algerian Muslims displayed FLN flags at their own demonstration on 11 December, until French settlers fired into the crowds. It was decided by January 1961 that France and Algeria's relationship would be indepedent. The rebels took out the remaining Muslims, took control of the cities of Oran and Algiers, and planted bombs in France itself. By June 1962, Algeria declared its independence while France gave up.
