Medieval Religion

Medieval Religion

Period: Nov 10, 1000 to Nov 10, 1500

First Crusade

Dec 1, 1095

href='http://http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crus/hd_crus.htm' >Crusade Art</a>In 1095 AD Pope Urban made a great speech at Clermont (CLAIRE-mant) in southern France, where he urged the people to take up weapons and go fight to free Jerusalem from the rule of the Fatimids. People were wildly enthusiastic.

The First Crusade

Nov 10, 1096

Finally in the fall of 1096 the main Crusade left for Jerusalem
They went by different routes, some by land and some by sea to Jerusalem

The End of the First Crusade

Nov 10, 1099

The First Crusade was a military expedition from 1096 to 1099 by Western Christianity to regain the Holy Lands taken in the Muslim conquest of the Levant, ultimately resulting in the recapture of Jerusalem

The 2nd Crusade

Nov 10, 1144

By 1144, a Mamluk general, Imad-ed-din Zangi, had managed to unite enough Turks and Arabs in his army to attack the Christian kingdoms.The Pope ordered Bernard of Clairvaux (in France) to preach a second crusade to take it back and defeat Zangi.

The 2nd Crusade Fails

Nov 10, 1149

The crusade in the east was a failure for the crusaders and a great victory for the Muslims. It would ultimately have a key influence on the fall of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade at the end of the 12th century

3rd Crusade

Nov 10, 1189

King Richard 1 The Third Crusade (1189–1192), also known as the Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin (Salāh ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb). It was largely successful, yet fell short of its ultimate goal—the reconquest of Jerusalem.

4th Crusade

Nov 10, 1202

The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was originally intended to conquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Instead, in April 1204, the Crusaders of Western Europe invaded and conquered the Christian (Eastern Orthodox) city of Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire). This is seen as one of the final acts in the Great Schism between the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church

5th Crusade

Nov 10, 1213

The Fifth Crusade is proclaimed by Pope Innocent III. The Fifth Crusade is launched as an attack on Egypt but it ultimately ends in failure in 1221.

6th Crusade

Nov 10, 1228

The Sixth Crusade achieved some small measure of success - though not by military might. It was led by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II , King of Jerusalem through his marriage to Yolanda, daughter of John of Brienne, King of Jerusalem. This Crusade ended with a peace treaty granting Christians control of several important several important holy sites, including Jerusalem(1244)

7th Crusade

Nov 10, 1248

The Seventh Crusade was not started by any Pope, but by King Louis IX of France.In 1254 a huge ransom was paid for King Louis who, along with thousands of his troops, was captured and defeated by the Egyptian army led by the Ayyubid Sultan Turanshah

8th Crusade

Nov 10, 1270

In 1270, when he was 56 years old,KIng Louis started the 8th Crusade.He started by going to Tunis, to get a base in North Africa. Unfortunately the plague struck his camp, and Louis himself died of it.Because of further diseases the siege of Tunis was abandoned on October 30 by an agreement with the sultan. In this agreement the Christians gained free trade with Tunis, and residence for monks and priests in the city was guaranteed, so the crusade could be regarded as a partial success.